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Changes to grep/manual/html_node/Fundamental-Structure.html,v
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From: |
Jim Meyering |
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Subject: |
Changes to grep/manual/html_node/Fundamental-Structure.html,v |
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Date: |
Fri, 05 Feb 2016 00:45:01 +0000 |
CVSROOT: /webcvs/grep
Module name: grep
Changes by: Jim Meyering <meyering> 16/02/05 00:44:53
Index: html_node/Fundamental-Structure.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /webcvs/grep/grep/manual/html_node/Fundamental-Structure.html,v
retrieving revision 1.21
retrieving revision 1.22
diff -u -b -r1.21 -r1.22
--- html_node/Fundamental-Structure.html 2 Nov 2015 02:54:33 -0000
1.21
+++ html_node/Fundamental-Structure.html 5 Feb 2016 00:44:51 -0000
1.22
@@ -1,49 +1,73 @@
-<html lang="en">
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd";>
+<html>
+<!-- This manual is for grep, a pattern matching engine.
+
+Copyright (C) 1999-2002, 2005, 2008-2016 Free Software Foundation,
+Inc.
+
+Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
+under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no
+Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover
+Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled
+"GNU Free Documentation License". -->
+<!-- Created by GNU Texinfo 6.0, http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/ -->
<head>
-<title>Fundamental Structure - GNU Grep 2.22</title>
+<title>GNU Grep 2.23: Fundamental Structure</title>
+
+<meta name="description" content="GNU Grep 2.23: Fundamental Structure">
+<meta name="keywords" content="GNU Grep 2.23: Fundamental Structure">
+<meta name="resource-type" content="document">
+<meta name="distribution" content="global">
+<meta name="Generator" content="makeinfo">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
-<meta name="description" content="GNU Grep 2.22">
-<meta name="generator" content="makeinfo 4.13">
-<link title="Top" rel="start" href="index.html#Top">
-<link rel="up" href="Regular-Expressions.html#Regular-Expressions"
title="Regular Expressions">
-<link rel="next"
href="Character-Classes-and-Bracket-Expressions.html#Character-Classes-and-Bracket-Expressions"
title="Character Classes and Bracket Expressions">
-<link href="http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/"; rel="generator-home"
title="Texinfo Homepage">
+<link href="index.html#Top" rel="start" title="Top">
+<link href="Index.html#Index" rel="index" title="Index">
+<link href="index.html#SEC_Contents" rel="contents" title="Table of Contents">
+<link href="Regular-Expressions.html#Regular-Expressions" rel="up"
title="Regular Expressions">
+<link
href="Character-Classes-and-Bracket-Expressions.html#Character-Classes-and-Bracket-Expressions"
rel="next" title="Character Classes and Bracket Expressions">
+<link href="Regular-Expressions.html#Regular-Expressions" rel="prev"
title="Regular Expressions">
+<style type="text/css">
<!--
-This manual is for `grep', a pattern matching engine.
+a.summary-letter {text-decoration: none}
+blockquote.indentedblock {margin-right: 0em}
+blockquote.smallindentedblock {margin-right: 0em; font-size: smaller}
+blockquote.smallquotation {font-size: smaller}
+div.display {margin-left: 3.2em}
+div.example {margin-left: 3.2em}
+div.lisp {margin-left: 3.2em}
+div.smalldisplay {margin-left: 3.2em}
+div.smallexample {margin-left: 3.2em}
+div.smalllisp {margin-left: 3.2em}
+kbd {font-style: oblique}
+pre.display {font-family: inherit}
+pre.format {font-family: inherit}
+pre.menu-comment {font-family: serif}
+pre.menu-preformatted {font-family: serif}
+pre.smalldisplay {font-family: inherit; font-size: smaller}
+pre.smallexample {font-size: smaller}
+pre.smallformat {font-family: inherit; font-size: smaller}
+pre.smalllisp {font-size: smaller}
+span.nocodebreak {white-space: nowrap}
+span.nolinebreak {white-space: nowrap}
+span.roman {font-family: serif; font-weight: normal}
+span.sansserif {font-family: sans-serif; font-weight: normal}
+ul.no-bullet {list-style: none}
+-->
+</style>
+<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/software/gnulib/manual.css">
-Copyright (C) 1999-2002, 2005, 2008-2015 Free Software Foundation,
-Inc.
- Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
- document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
- Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software
- Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts,
- and with no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included
- in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation License''.
- -->
-<meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
-<style type="text/css"><!--
- pre.display { font-family:inherit }
- pre.format { font-family:inherit }
- pre.smalldisplay { font-family:inherit; font-size:smaller }
- pre.smallformat { font-family:inherit; font-size:smaller }
- pre.smallexample { font-size:smaller }
- pre.smalllisp { font-size:smaller }
- span.sc { font-variant:small-caps }
- span.roman { font-family:serif; font-weight:normal; }
- span.sansserif { font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:normal; }
---></style>
-<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/software/gnulib/manual.css">
</head>
-<body>
-<div class="node">
+
+<body lang="en">
<a name="Fundamental-Structure"></a>
+<div class="header">
<p>
-Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n"
href="Character-Classes-and-Bracket-Expressions.html#Character-Classes-and-Bracket-Expressions">Character
Classes and Bracket Expressions</a>,
-Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u"
href="Regular-Expressions.html#Regular-Expressions">Regular Expressions</a>
-<hr>
+Next: <a
href="Character-Classes-and-Bracket-Expressions.html#Character-Classes-and-Bracket-Expressions"
accesskey="n" rel="next">Character Classes and Bracket Expressions</a>, Up: <a
href="Regular-Expressions.html#Regular-Expressions" accesskey="u"
rel="up">Regular Expressions</a> [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents"
title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a
href="Index.html#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
-
+<hr>
+<a name="Fundamental-Structure-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">3.1 Fundamental Structure</h3>
<p>The fundamental building blocks are the regular expressions that match
@@ -52,46 +76,94 @@
are regular expressions that match themselves.
Any meta-character
with special meaning may be quoted by preceding it with a backslash.
-
- <p>A regular expression may be followed by one of several
+</p>
+<p>A regular expression may be followed by one of several
repetition operators:
-
- <dl>
-<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">.</span></samp>’<dd><a
name="index-g_t_002e-193"></a><a name="index-dot-194"></a><a
name="index-period-195"></a>The period ‘<samp><span
class="samp">.</span></samp>’ matches any single character.
-
- <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">?</span></samp>’<dd><a
name="index-g_t_003f-196"></a><a name="index-question-mark-197"></a><a
name="index-match-expression-at-most-once-198"></a>The preceding item is
optional and will be matched at most once.
-
- <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">*</span></samp>’<dd><a
name="index-g_t_002a-199"></a><a name="index-asterisk-200"></a><a
name="index-match-expression-zero-or-more-times-201"></a>The preceding item
will be matched zero or more times.
-
- <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">+</span></samp>’<dd><a
name="index-g_t_002b-202"></a><a name="index-plus-sign-203"></a><a
name="index-match-expression-one-or-more-times-204"></a>The preceding item will
be matched one or more times.
-
- <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">{</span><var>n</var><span
class="samp">}</span></samp>’<dd><a
name="index-g_t_0040_007b_0040var_007bn_007d_0040_007d-205"></a><a
name="index-braces_002c-one-argument-206"></a><a
name="index-match-expression-_0040var_007bn_007d-times-207"></a>The preceding
item is matched exactly <var>n</var> times.
-
- <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">{</span><var>n</var><span
class="samp">,}</span></samp>’<dd><a
name="index-g_t_0040_007b_0040var_007bn_007d_002c_0040_007d-208"></a><a
name="index-braces_002c-second-argument-omitted-209"></a><a
name="index-match-expression-_0040var_007bn_007d-or-more-times-210"></a>The
preceding item is matched <var>n</var> or more times.
-
- <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">{,</span><var>m</var><span
class="samp">}</span></samp>’<dd><a
name="index-g_t_0040_007b_002c_0040var_007bm_007d_0040_007d-211"></a><a
name="index-braces_002c-first-argument-omitted-212"></a><a
name="index-match-expression-at-most-_0040var_007bm_007d-times-213"></a>The
preceding item is matched at most <var>m</var> times.
+</p>
+<dl compact="compact">
+<dt>‘<samp>.</samp>’</dt>
+<dd><a name="index-_002e"></a>
+<a name="index-dot"></a>
+<a name="index-period"></a>
+<p>The period ‘<samp>.</samp>’ matches any single character.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>‘<samp>?</samp>’</dt>
+<dd><a name="index-_003f"></a>
+<a name="index-question-mark"></a>
+<a name="index-match-expression-at-most-once"></a>
+<p>The preceding item is optional and will be matched at most once.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>‘<samp>*</samp>’</dt>
+<dd><a name="index-_002a"></a>
+<a name="index-asterisk"></a>
+<a name="index-match-expression-zero-or-more-times"></a>
+<p>The preceding item will be matched zero or more times.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>‘<samp>+</samp>’</dt>
+<dd><a name="index-_002b"></a>
+<a name="index-plus-sign"></a>
+<a name="index-match-expression-one-or-more-times"></a>
+<p>The preceding item will be matched one or more times.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>‘<samp>{<var>n</var>}</samp>’</dt>
+<dd><a name="index-_007bn_007d"></a>
+<a name="index-braces_002c-one-argument"></a>
+<a name="index-match-expression-n-times"></a>
+<p>The preceding item is matched exactly <var>n</var> times.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>‘<samp>{<var>n</var>,}</samp>’</dt>
+<dd><a name="index-_007bn_002c_007d"></a>
+<a name="index-braces_002c-second-argument-omitted"></a>
+<a name="index-match-expression-n-or-more-times"></a>
+<p>The preceding item is matched <var>n</var> or more times.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>‘<samp>{,<var>m</var>}</samp>’</dt>
+<dd><a name="index-_007b_002cm_007d"></a>
+<a name="index-braces_002c-first-argument-omitted"></a>
+<a name="index-match-expression-at-most-m-times"></a>
+<p>The preceding item is matched at most <var>m</var> times.
This is a GNU extension.
-
- <br><dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">{</span><var>n</var><span
class="samp">,</span><var>m</var><span
class="samp">}</span></samp>’<dd><a
name="index-g_t_0040_007b_0040var_007bn_007d_002c_0040var_007bm_007d_0040_007d-214"></a><a
name="index-braces_002c-two-arguments-215"></a><a
name="index-match-expression-from-_0040var_007bn_007d-to-_0040var_007bm_007d-times-216"></a>The
preceding item is matched at least <var>n</var> times, but not more than
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>‘<samp>{<var>n</var>,<var>m</var>}</samp>’</dt>
+<dd><a name="index-_007bn_002cm_007d"></a>
+<a name="index-braces_002c-two-arguments"></a>
+<a name="index-match-expression-from-n-to-m-times"></a>
+<p>The preceding item is matched at least <var>n</var> times, but not more than
<var>m</var> times.
+</p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
- </dl>
-
- <p>The empty regular expression matches the empty string.
+<p>The empty regular expression matches the empty string.
Two regular expressions may be concatenated;
the resulting regular expression
matches any string formed by concatenating two substrings
that respectively match the concatenated expressions.
-
- <p>Two regular expressions may be joined by the infix operator
‘<samp><span class="samp">|</span></samp>’;
+</p>
+<p>Two regular expressions may be joined by the infix operator
‘<samp>|</samp>’;
the resulting regular expression
matches any string matching either alternate expression.
-
- <p>Repetition takes precedence over concatenation,
+</p>
+<p>Repetition takes precedence over concatenation,
which in turn takes precedence over alternation.
A whole expression may be enclosed in parentheses
to override these precedence rules and form a subexpression.
-An unmatched ‘<samp><span class="samp">)</span></samp>’ matches
just itself.
+An unmatched ‘<samp>)</samp>’ matches just itself.
+</p>
+<hr>
+<div class="header">
+<p>
+Next: <a
href="Character-Classes-and-Bracket-Expressions.html#Character-Classes-and-Bracket-Expressions"
accesskey="n" rel="next">Character Classes and Bracket Expressions</a>, Up: <a
href="Regular-Expressions.html#Regular-Expressions" accesskey="u"
rel="up">Regular Expressions</a> [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents"
title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a
href="Index.html#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
+</div>
+
- </body></html>
+</body>
+</html>
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