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Changes to grep/manual/grep.txt,v


From: Jim Meyering
Subject: Changes to grep/manual/grep.txt,v
Date: Fri, 22 Apr 2016 05:25:58 +0000

CVSROOT:        /webcvs/grep
Module name:    grep
Changes by:     Jim Meyering <meyering> 16/04/22 05:25:56

Index: grep.txt
===================================================================
RCS file: /webcvs/grep/grep/manual/grep.txt,v
retrieving revision 1.23
retrieving revision 1.24
diff -u -b -r1.23 -r1.24
--- grep.txt    11 Mar 2016 06:09:08 -0000      1.23
+++ grep.txt    22 Apr 2016 05:25:53 -0000      1.24
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
 
 ‘grep’ prints lines that contain a match for a pattern.
 
-   This manual is for version 2.24 of GNU Grep.
+   This manual is for version 2.25 of GNU Grep.
 
    This manual is for ‘grep’, a pattern matching engine.
 
@@ -100,15 +100,17 @@
 
 ‘-e PATTERN’
 ‘--regexp=PATTERN’
-     Use PATTERN as the pattern.  This can be used to specify multiple
-     search patterns, or to protect a pattern beginning with a ‘-’.
-     (‘-e’ is specified by POSIX.)
+     Use PATTERN as the pattern.  If this option is used multiple times
+     or is combined with the ‘-f’ (‘--file’) option, search for all
+     patterns given.  (‘-e’ is specified by POSIX.)
 
 ‘-f FILE’
 ‘--file=FILE’
-     Obtain patterns from FILE, one per line.  The empty file contains
-     zero patterns, and therefore matches nothing.  (‘-f’ is specified
-     by POSIX.)
+     Obtain patterns from FILE, one per line.  If this option is used
+     multiple times or is combined with the ‘-e’ (‘--regexp’) option,
+     search for all patterns given.  The empty file contains zero
+     patterns, and therefore matches nothing.  (‘-f’ is specified by
+     POSIX.)
 
 ‘-i’
 ‘-y’
@@ -381,18 +383,14 @@
      If a file’s data or metadata indicate that the file contains binary
      data, assume that the file is of type TYPE.  Non-text bytes
      indicate binary data; these are either output bytes that are
-     improperly encoded for the current locale, or null input bytes when
-     the ‘-z’ (‘--null-data’) option is not given (*note Other
-     Options::).
+     improperly encoded for the current locale (*note Environment
+     Variables::), or null input bytes when the ‘-z’ (‘--null-data’)
+     option is not given (*note Other Options::).
 
      By default, TYPE is ‘binary’, and when ‘grep’ discovers that a 
file
      is binary it suppresses any further output, and instead outputs
      either a one-line message saying that a binary file matches, or no
-     message if there is no match.  When processing binary data, ‘grep’
-     may treat non-text bytes as line terminators; for example, the
-     pattern ‘.’ (period) might not match a null byte, as the null byte
-     might be treated as a line terminator even without the ‘-z’
-     (‘--null-data’) option.
+     message if there is no match.
 
      If TYPE is ‘without-match’, when ‘grep’ discovers that a file is
      binary it assumes that the rest of the file does not match; this is
@@ -401,9 +399,22 @@
      If TYPE is ‘text’, ‘grep’ processes a binary file as if it were
      text; this is equivalent to the ‘-a’ option.
 
-     _Warning:_ ‘--binary-files=text’ might output binary garbage, which
-     can have nasty side effects if the output is a terminal and if the
-     terminal driver interprets some of it as commands.
+     When TYPE is ‘binary’, ‘grep’ may treat non-text bytes as line
+     terminators even without the ‘-z’ (‘--null-data’) option.  This
+     means choosing ‘binary’ versus ‘text’ can affect whether a pattern
+     matches a file.  For example, when TYPE is ‘binary’ the pattern
+     ‘q$’ might match ‘q’ immediately followed by a null byte, even
+     though this is not matched when TYPE is ‘text’.  Conversely, when
+     TYPE is ‘binary’ the pattern ‘.’ (period) might not match a null
+     byte.
+
+     _Warning:_ The ‘-a’ (‘--binary-files=text’) option might output
+     binary garbage, which can have nasty side effects if the output is
+     a terminal and if the terminal driver interprets some of it as
+     commands.  On the other hand, when reading files whose text
+     encodings are unknown, it can be helpful to use ‘-a’ or to set
+     ‘LC_ALL='C'’ in the environment, in order to find more matches even
+     if the matches are unsafe for direct display.
 
 ‘-D ACTION’
 ‘--devices=ACTION’
@@ -490,10 +501,10 @@
 
 ‘-z’
 ‘--null-data’
-     Treat the input as a set of lines, each terminated by a zero byte
-     (the ASCII NUL character) instead of a newline.  Like the ‘-Z’ or
-     ‘--null’ option, this option can be used with commands like ‘sort
-     -z’ to process arbitrary file names.
+     Treat input and output data as sequences of lines, each terminated
+     by a zero byte (the ASCII NUL character) instead of a newline.
+     Like the ‘-Z’ or ‘--null’ option, this option can be used with
+     commands like ‘sort -z’ to process arbitrary file names.
 
 2.2 Environment Variables
 =========================
@@ -511,7 +522,8 @@
 overrides the three environment variables that ordinarily specify the
 ‘LC_MESSAGES’ category.  The ‘C’ locale is used if none of these
 environment variables are set, if the locale catalog is not installed,
-or if ‘grep’ was not compiled with national language support (NLS).
+or if ‘grep’ was not compiled with national language support (NLS). The
+shell command ‘locale -a’ lists locales that are currently available.
 
    Many of the environment variables in the following list let you
 control highlighting using Select Graphic Rendition (SGR) commands
@@ -661,7 +673,10 @@
 ‘LANG’
      These variables specify the locale for the ‘LC_CTYPE’ category,
      which determines the type of characters, e.g., which characters are
-     whitespace.
+     whitespace.  This category also determines the character encoding,
+     that is, whether text is encoded in UTF-8, ASCII, or some other
+     encoding.  In the ‘C’ or ‘POSIX’ locale, all characters are 
encoded
+     as a single byte and every byte is a valid character.
 
 ‘LANGUAGE’
 ‘LC_ALL’
@@ -727,8 +742,9 @@
 
 ‘-P’
 ‘--perl-regexp’
-     Interpret the pattern as a Perl regular expression.  This is highly
-     experimental and ‘grep -P’ may warn of unimplemented features.
+     Interpret the pattern as a Perl-compatible regular expression
+     (PCRE). This is highly experimental and ‘grep -P’ may warn of
+     unimplemented features.
 
    In addition, two variant programs ‘egrep’ and ‘fgrep’ are available.
 ‘egrep’ is the same as ‘grep -E’.  ‘fgrep’ is the same as ‘grep 
-F’.
@@ -743,13 +759,13 @@
 Regular expressions are constructed analogously to arithmetic
 expressions, by using various operators to combine smaller expressions.
 ‘grep’ understands three different versions of regular expression
-syntax: “basic,” (BRE) “extended” (ERE) and “perl”.  In GNU 
‘grep’,
-there is no difference in available functionality between the basic and
-extended syntaxes.  In other implementations, basic regular expressions
-are less powerful.  The following description applies to extended
-regular expressions; differences for basic regular expressions are
-summarized afterwards.  Perl regular expressions give additional
-functionality, and are documented in the pcresyntax(3) and
+syntax: “basic” (BRE), “extended” (ERE) and “perl” (PCRE). In GNU
+‘grep’, there is no difference in available functionality between the
+basic and extended syntaxes.  In other implementations, basic regular
+expressions are less powerful.  The following description applies to
+extended regular expressions; differences for basic regular expressions
+are summarized afterwards.  Perl-compatible regular expressions give
+additional functionality, and are documented in the pcresyntax(3) and
 pcrepattern(3) manual pages, but work only if PCRE is available in the
 system.
 
@@ -1714,469 +1730,470 @@
 * Menu:
 
 * *:                                     Fundamental Structure.
-                                                             (line  773)
+                                                             (line  789)
 * +:                                     Fundamental Structure.
-                                                             (line  776)
+                                                             (line  792)
 * --after-context:                       Context Line Control.
-                                                             (line  330)
-* --basic-regexp:                        grep Programs.      (line  713)
+                                                             (line  332)
+* --basic-regexp:                        grep Programs.      (line  728)
 * --before-context:                      Context Line Control.
-                                                             (line  334)
-* --binary:                              Other Options.      (line  479)
+                                                             (line  336)
+* --binary:                              Other Options.      (line  490)
 * --binary-files:                        File and Directory Selection.
-                                                             (line  380)
+                                                             (line  382)
 * --byte-offset:                         Output Line Prefix Control.
-                                                             (line  260)
+                                                             (line  262)
 * --color:                               General Output Control.
-                                                             (line  165)
+                                                             (line  167)
 * --colour:                              General Output Control.
-                                                             (line  165)
+                                                             (line  167)
 * --context:                             Context Line Control.
-                                                             (line  339)
+                                                             (line  341)
 * --count:                               General Output Control.
-                                                             (line  159)
+                                                             (line  161)
 * --dereference-recursive:               File and Directory Selection.
-                                                             (line  467)
+                                                             (line  478)
 * --devices:                             File and Directory Selection.
-                                                             (line  409)
-* --directories:                         File and Directory Selection.
                                                              (line  420)
-* --exclude:                             File and Directory Selection.
+* --directories:                         File and Directory Selection.
                                                              (line  431)
+* --exclude:                             File and Directory Selection.
+                                                             (line  442)
 * --exclude-dir:                         File and Directory Selection.
-                                                             (line  444)
+                                                             (line  455)
 * --exclude-from:                        File and Directory Selection.
-                                                             (line  440)
-* --extended-regexp:                     grep Programs.      (line  718)
+                                                             (line  451)
+* --extended-regexp:                     grep Programs.      (line  733)
 * --file:                                Matching Control.   (line  108)
 * --files-with-matches:                  General Output Control.
-                                                             (line  186)
+                                                             (line  188)
 * --files-without-match:                 General Output Control.
-                                                             (line  180)
-* --fixed-strings:                       grep Programs.      (line  723)
+                                                             (line  182)
+* --fixed-strings:                       grep Programs.      (line  738)
 * --group-separator:                     Context Line Control.
-                                                             (line  342)
+                                                             (line  344)
 * --group-separator <1>:                 Context Line Control.
-                                                             (line  346)
+                                                             (line  348)
 * --help:                                Generic Program Information.
                                                              (line   89)
-* --ignore-case:                         Matching Control.   (line  115)
+* --ignore-case:                         Matching Control.   (line  117)
 * --include:                             File and Directory Selection.
-                                                             (line  454)
+                                                             (line  465)
 * --initial-tab:                         Output Line Prefix Control.
-                                                             (line  291)
-* --invert-match:                        Matching Control.   (line  134)
+                                                             (line  293)
+* --invert-match:                        Matching Control.   (line  136)
 * --label:                               Output Line Prefix Control.
-                                                             (line  278)
-* --line-buffered:                       Other Options.      (line  474)
+                                                             (line  280)
+* --line-buffered:                       Other Options.      (line  485)
 * --line-number:                         Output Line Prefix Control.
-                                                             (line  286)
-* --line-regexp:                         Matching Control.   (line  149)
+                                                             (line  288)
+* --line-regexp:                         Matching Control.   (line  151)
 * --max-count:                           General Output Control.
-                                                             (line  193)
+                                                             (line  195)
 * --no-filename:                         Output Line Prefix Control.
-                                                             (line  273)
+                                                             (line  275)
 * --no-messages:                         General Output Control.
-                                                             (line  238)
+                                                             (line  240)
 * --null:                                Output Line Prefix Control.
-                                                             (line  311)
-* --null-data:                           Other Options.      (line  492)
+                                                             (line  313)
+* --null-data:                           Other Options.      (line  503)
 * --only-matching:                       General Output Control.
-                                                             (line  225)
-* --perl-regexp:                         grep Programs.      (line  729)
+                                                             (line  227)
+* --perl-regexp:                         grep Programs.      (line  744)
 * --quiet:                               General Output Control.
-                                                             (line  231)
+                                                             (line  233)
 * --recursive:                           File and Directory Selection.
-                                                             (line  459)
+                                                             (line  470)
 * --regexp=PATTERN:                      Matching Control.   (line  102)
 * --silent:                              General Output Control.
-                                                             (line  231)
+                                                             (line  233)
 * --text:                                File and Directory Selection.
-                                                             (line  376)
+                                                             (line  378)
 * --unix-byte-offsets:                   Output Line Prefix Control.
-                                                             (line  301)
+                                                             (line  303)
 * --version:                             Generic Program Information.
                                                              (line   94)
 * --with-filename:                       Output Line Prefix Control.
-                                                             (line  268)
-* --word-regexp:                         Matching Control.   (line  139)
+                                                             (line  270)
+* --word-regexp:                         Matching Control.   (line  141)
 * -A:                                    Context Line Control.
-                                                             (line  330)
+                                                             (line  332)
 * -a:                                    File and Directory Selection.
-                                                             (line  376)
+                                                             (line  378)
 * -b:                                    Output Line Prefix Control.
-                                                             (line  260)
+                                                             (line  262)
 * -B:                                    Context Line Control.
-                                                             (line  334)
+                                                             (line  336)
 * -c:                                    General Output Control.
-                                                             (line  159)
+                                                             (line  161)
 * -C:                                    Context Line Control.
-                                                             (line  339)
+                                                             (line  341)
 * -D:                                    File and Directory Selection.
-                                                             (line  409)
-* -d:                                    File and Directory Selection.
                                                              (line  420)
+* -d:                                    File and Directory Selection.
+                                                             (line  431)
 * -e:                                    Matching Control.   (line  102)
-* -E:                                    grep Programs.      (line  718)
+* -E:                                    grep Programs.      (line  733)
 * -f:                                    Matching Control.   (line  108)
-* -F:                                    grep Programs.      (line  723)
-* -G:                                    grep Programs.      (line  713)
+* -F:                                    grep Programs.      (line  738)
+* -G:                                    grep Programs.      (line  728)
 * -H:                                    Output Line Prefix Control.
-                                                             (line  268)
+                                                             (line  270)
 * -h:                                    Output Line Prefix Control.
-                                                             (line  273)
-* -i:                                    Matching Control.   (line  115)
+                                                             (line  275)
+* -i:                                    Matching Control.   (line  117)
 * -L:                                    General Output Control.
-                                                             (line  180)
+                                                             (line  182)
 * -l:                                    General Output Control.
-                                                             (line  186)
+                                                             (line  188)
 * -m:                                    General Output Control.
-                                                             (line  193)
+                                                             (line  195)
 * -n:                                    Output Line Prefix Control.
-                                                             (line  286)
+                                                             (line  288)
 * -NUM:                                  Context Line Control.
-                                                             (line  339)
+                                                             (line  341)
 * -o:                                    General Output Control.
-                                                             (line  225)
-* -P:                                    grep Programs.      (line  729)
+                                                             (line  227)
+* -P:                                    grep Programs.      (line  744)
 * -q:                                    General Output Control.
-                                                             (line  231)
+                                                             (line  233)
 * -r:                                    File and Directory Selection.
-                                                             (line  459)
+                                                             (line  470)
 * -R:                                    File and Directory Selection.
-                                                             (line  467)
+                                                             (line  478)
 * -s:                                    General Output Control.
-                                                             (line  238)
+                                                             (line  240)
 * -T:                                    Output Line Prefix Control.
-                                                             (line  291)
+                                                             (line  293)
 * -u:                                    Output Line Prefix Control.
-                                                             (line  301)
-* -U:                                    Other Options.      (line  479)
+                                                             (line  303)
+* -U:                                    Other Options.      (line  490)
 * -V:                                    Generic Program Information.
                                                              (line   94)
-* -v:                                    Matching Control.   (line  134)
-* -w:                                    Matching Control.   (line  139)
-* -x:                                    Matching Control.   (line  149)
-* -y:                                    Matching Control.   (line  115)
+* -v:                                    Matching Control.   (line  136)
+* -w:                                    Matching Control.   (line  141)
+* -x:                                    Matching Control.   (line  151)
+* -y:                                    Matching Control.   (line  117)
 * -Z:                                    Output Line Prefix Control.
-                                                             (line  311)
-* -z:                                    Other Options.      (line  492)
+                                                             (line  313)
+* -z:                                    Other Options.      (line  503)
 * .:                                     Fundamental Structure.
-                                                             (line  767)
+                                                             (line  783)
 * ?:                                     Fundamental Structure.
-                                                             (line  770)
+                                                             (line  786)
 * _N_GNU_nonoption_argv_flags_ environment variable: Environment Variables.
-                                                             (line  683)
+                                                             (line  698)
 * {,M}:                                  Fundamental Structure.
-                                                             (line  785)
+                                                             (line  801)
 * {N,M}:                                 Fundamental Structure.
-                                                             (line  789)
+                                                             (line  805)
 * {N,}:                                  Fundamental Structure.
-                                                             (line  782)
+                                                             (line  798)
 * {N}:                                   Fundamental Structure.
-                                                             (line  779)
+                                                             (line  795)
 * after context:                         Context Line Control.
-                                                             (line  330)
+                                                             (line  332)
 * alnum character class:                 Character Classes and Bracket 
Expressions.
-                                                             (line  832)
+                                                             (line  848)
 * alpha character class:                 Character Classes and Bracket 
Expressions.
-                                                             (line  837)
+                                                             (line  853)
 * alphabetic characters:                 Character Classes and Bracket 
Expressions.
-                                                             (line  837)
+                                                             (line  853)
 * alphanumeric characters:               Character Classes and Bracket 
Expressions.
-                                                             (line  832)
-* anchoring:                             Anchoring.          (line  960)
+                                                             (line  848)
+* anchoring:                             Anchoring.          (line  976)
 * asterisk:                              Fundamental Structure.
-                                                             (line  773)
+                                                             (line  789)
 * back-reference:                        Back-references and Subexpressions.
-                                                             (line  968)
+                                                             (line  984)
 * backslash:                             The Backslash Character and Special 
Expressions.
-                                                             (line  927)
-* basic regular expressions:             Basic vs Extended.  (line  980)
+                                                             (line  943)
+* basic regular expressions:             Basic vs Extended.  (line  996)
 * before context:                        Context Line Control.
-                                                             (line  334)
+                                                             (line  336)
 * binary files:                          File and Directory Selection.
-                                                             (line  376)
+                                                             (line  378)
 * binary files <1>:                      File and Directory Selection.
-                                                             (line  380)
-* binary files, MS-DOS/MS-Windows:       Other Options.      (line  479)
+                                                             (line  382)
+* binary files, MS-DOS/MS-Windows:       Other Options.      (line  490)
 * blank character class:                 Character Classes and Bracket 
Expressions.
-                                                             (line  842)
+                                                             (line  858)
 * blank characters:                      Character Classes and Bracket 
Expressions.
-                                                             (line  842)
+                                                             (line  858)
 * bn GREP_COLORS capability:             Environment Variables.
-                                                             (line  627)
+                                                             (line  639)
 * braces, first argument omitted:        Fundamental Structure.
-                                                             (line  785)
+                                                             (line  801)
 * braces, one argument:                  Fundamental Structure.
-                                                             (line  779)
+                                                             (line  795)
 * braces, second argument omitted:       Fundamental Structure.
-                                                             (line  782)
+                                                             (line  798)
 * braces, two arguments:                 Fundamental Structure.
-                                                             (line  789)
+                                                             (line  805)
 * bracket expression:                    Character Classes and Bracket 
Expressions.
-                                                             (line  809)
-* Bugs, known:                           Reporting Bugs.     (line 1202)
-* bugs, reporting:                       Reporting Bugs.     (line 1194)
+                                                             (line  825)
+* Bugs, known:                           Reporting Bugs.     (line 1218)
+* bugs, reporting:                       Reporting Bugs.     (line 1210)
 * byte offset:                           Output Line Prefix Control.
-                                                             (line  260)
+                                                             (line  262)
 * byte offsets, on MS-DOS/MS-Windows:    Output Line Prefix Control.
-                                                             (line  301)
-* case insensitive search:               Matching Control.   (line  115)
+                                                             (line  303)
+* case insensitive search:               Matching Control.   (line  117)
 * changing name of standard input:       Output Line Prefix Control.
-                                                             (line  278)
+                                                             (line  280)
 * character class:                       Character Classes and Bracket 
Expressions.
-                                                             (line  809)
+                                                             (line  825)
 * character classes:                     Character Classes and Bracket 
Expressions.
-                                                             (line  831)
+                                                             (line  847)
 * character type:                        Environment Variables.
-                                                             (line  654)
+                                                             (line  666)
 * classes of characters:                 Character Classes and Bracket 
Expressions.
-                                                             (line  831)
+                                                             (line  847)
 * cntrl character class:                 Character Classes and Bracket 
Expressions.
-                                                             (line  845)
+                                                             (line  861)
 * context:                               Context Line Control.
-                                                             (line  339)
+                                                             (line  341)
 * context lines, after match:            Context Line Control.
-                                                             (line  330)
+                                                             (line  332)
 * context lines, before match:           Context Line Control.
-                                                             (line  334)
+                                                             (line  336)
 * control characters:                    Character Classes and Bracket 
Expressions.
-                                                             (line  845)
-* copying:                               Copying.            (line 1212)
+                                                             (line  861)
+* copying:                               Copying.            (line 1228)
 * counting lines:                        General Output Control.
-                                                             (line  159)
+                                                             (line  161)
 * cx GREP_COLORS capability:             Environment Variables.
-                                                             (line  578)
+                                                             (line  590)
 * default options environment variable:  Environment Variables.
-                                                             (line  538)
+                                                             (line  550)
 * device search:                         File and Directory Selection.
-                                                             (line  409)
+                                                             (line  420)
 * digit character class:                 Character Classes and Bracket 
Expressions.
-                                                             (line  850)
+                                                             (line  866)
 * digit characters:                      Character Classes and Bracket 
Expressions.
-                                                             (line  850)
+                                                             (line  866)
 * directory search:                      File and Directory Selection.
-                                                             (line  420)
+                                                             (line  431)
 * dot:                                   Fundamental Structure.
-                                                             (line  767)
+                                                             (line  783)
 * environment variables:                 Environment Variables.
-                                                             (line  537)
+                                                             (line  549)
 * exclude directories:                   File and Directory Selection.
-                                                             (line  444)
+                                                             (line  455)
 * exclude files:                         File and Directory Selection.
-                                                             (line  431)
+                                                             (line  442)
 * exclude files <1>:                     File and Directory Selection.
-                                                             (line  440)
-* exit status:                           Exit Status.        (line  695)
-* FAQ about ‘grep’ usage:                Usage.              (line 1010)
+                                                             (line  451)
+* exit status:                           Exit Status.        (line  710)
+* FAQ about ‘grep’ usage:                Usage.              (line 1026)
 * files which don’t match:               General Output Control.
-                                                             (line  180)
+                                                             (line  182)
 * fn GREP_COLORS capability:             Environment Variables.
-                                                             (line  617)
+                                                             (line  629)
 * fn GREP_COLORS capability <1>:         Environment Variables.
-                                                             (line  632)
+                                                             (line  644)
 * graph character class:                 Character Classes and Bracket 
Expressions.
-                                                             (line  853)
+                                                             (line  869)
 * graphic characters:                    Character Classes and Bracket 
Expressions.
-                                                             (line  853)
-* ‘grep’ programs:                       grep Programs.      (line  704)
+                                                             (line  869)
+* ‘grep’ programs:                       grep Programs.      (line  719)
 * GREP_COLOR environment variable:       Environment Variables.
-                                                             (line  551)
+                                                             (line  563)
 * GREP_COLORS environment variable:      Environment Variables.
-                                                             (line  562)
+                                                             (line  574)
 * GREP_OPTIONS environment variable:     Environment Variables.
-                                                             (line  538)
+                                                             (line  550)
 * group separator:                       Context Line Control.
-                                                             (line  342)
+                                                             (line  344)
 * group separator <1>:                   Context Line Control.
-                                                             (line  346)
+                                                             (line  348)
 * hexadecimal digits:                    Character Classes and Bracket 
Expressions.
-                                                             (line  877)
+                                                             (line  893)
 * highlight markers:                     Environment Variables.
-                                                             (line  551)
+                                                             (line  563)
 * highlight markers <1>:                 Environment Variables.
-                                                             (line  562)
+                                                             (line  574)
 * highlight, color, colour:              General Output Control.
-                                                             (line  165)
+                                                             (line  167)
 * include files:                         File and Directory Selection.
-                                                             (line  454)
-* interval specifications:               Basic vs Extended.  (line  984)
-* invert matching:                       Matching Control.   (line  134)
+                                                             (line  465)
+* interval specifications:               Basic vs Extended.  (line 1000)
+* invert matching:                       Matching Control.   (line  136)
 * LANG environment variable:             Environment Variables.
-                                                             (line  503)
+                                                             (line  514)
 * LANG environment variable <1>:         Environment Variables.
-                                                             (line  654)
+                                                             (line  666)
 * LANG environment variable <2>:         Environment Variables.
-                                                             (line  661)
+                                                             (line  673)
 * LANG environment variable <3>:         Environment Variables.
-                                                             (line  669)
+                                                             (line  684)
 * LANGUAGE environment variable:         Environment Variables.
-                                                             (line  503)
+                                                             (line  514)
 * LANGUAGE environment variable <1>:     Environment Variables.
-                                                             (line  669)
+                                                             (line  684)
 * language of messages:                  Environment Variables.
-                                                             (line  669)
+                                                             (line  684)
 * LC_ALL environment variable:           Environment Variables.
-                                                             (line  503)
+                                                             (line  514)
 * LC_ALL environment variable <1>:       Environment Variables.
-                                                             (line  654)
+                                                             (line  666)
 * LC_ALL environment variable <2>:       Environment Variables.
-                                                             (line  661)
+                                                             (line  673)
 * LC_ALL environment variable <3>:       Environment Variables.
-                                                             (line  669)
+                                                             (line  684)
 * LC_COLLATE environment variable:       Environment Variables.
-                                                             (line  654)
+                                                             (line  666)
 * LC_CTYPE environment variable:         Environment Variables.
-                                                             (line  661)
+                                                             (line  673)
 * LC_MESSAGES environment variable:      Environment Variables.
-                                                             (line  503)
+                                                             (line  514)
 * LC_MESSAGES environment variable <1>:  Environment Variables.
-                                                             (line  669)
-* line buffering:                        Other Options.      (line  474)
+                                                             (line  684)
+* line buffering:                        Other Options.      (line  485)
 * line numbering:                        Output Line Prefix Control.
-                                                             (line  286)
+                                                             (line  288)
 * ln GREP_COLORS capability:             Environment Variables.
-                                                             (line  622)
+                                                             (line  634)
 * lower character class:                 Character Classes and Bracket 
Expressions.
-                                                             (line  856)
+                                                             (line  872)
 * lower-case letters:                    Character Classes and Bracket 
Expressions.
-                                                             (line  856)
+                                                             (line  872)
 * match expression at most M times:      Fundamental Structure.
-                                                             (line  785)
+                                                             (line  801)
 * match expression at most once:         Fundamental Structure.
-                                                             (line  770)
+                                                             (line  786)
 * match expression from N to M times:    Fundamental Structure.
-                                                             (line  789)
+                                                             (line  805)
 * match expression N or more times:      Fundamental Structure.
-                                                             (line  782)
+                                                             (line  798)
 * match expression N times:              Fundamental Structure.
-                                                             (line  779)
+                                                             (line  795)
 * match expression one or more times:    Fundamental Structure.
-                                                             (line  776)
+                                                             (line  792)
 * match expression zero or more times:   Fundamental Structure.
-                                                             (line  773)
-* match the whole line:                  Matching Control.   (line  149)
-* matching basic regular expressions:    grep Programs.      (line  713)
-* matching extended regular expressions: grep Programs.      (line  718)
-* matching fixed strings:                grep Programs.      (line  723)
-* matching Perl regular expressions:     grep Programs.      (line  729)
-* matching whole words:                  Matching Control.   (line  139)
+                                                             (line  789)
+* match the whole line:                  Matching Control.   (line  151)
+* matching basic regular expressions:    grep Programs.      (line  728)
+* matching extended regular expressions: grep Programs.      (line  733)
+* matching fixed strings:                grep Programs.      (line  738)
+* matching Perl-compatible regular expressions: grep Programs.
+                                                             (line  744)
+* matching whole words:                  Matching Control.   (line  141)
 * max-count:                             General Output Control.
-                                                             (line  193)
+                                                             (line  195)
 * mc GREP_COLORS capability:             Environment Variables.
-                                                             (line  609)
+                                                             (line  621)
 * message language:                      Environment Variables.
-                                                             (line  669)
+                                                             (line  684)
 * ms GREP_COLORS capability:             Environment Variables.
-                                                             (line  601)
-* MS-DOS/MS-Windows binary files:        Other Options.      (line  479)
+                                                             (line  613)
+* MS-DOS/MS-Windows binary files:        Other Options.      (line  490)
 * MS-DOS/MS-Windows byte offsets:        Output Line Prefix Control.
-                                                             (line  301)
+                                                             (line  303)
 * mt GREP_COLORS capability:             Environment Variables.
-                                                             (line  593)
+                                                             (line  605)
 * names of matching files:               General Output Control.
-                                                             (line  186)
+                                                             (line  188)
 * national language support:             Environment Variables.
-                                                             (line  654)
+                                                             (line  666)
 * national language support <1>:         Environment Variables.
-                                                             (line  669)
+                                                             (line  684)
 * ne GREP_COLORS capability:             Environment Variables.
-                                                             (line  639)
+                                                             (line  651)
 * NLS:                                   Environment Variables.
-                                                             (line  654)
+                                                             (line  666)
 * no filename prefix:                    Output Line Prefix Control.
-                                                             (line  273)
+                                                             (line  275)
 * numeric characters:                    Character Classes and Bracket 
Expressions.
-                                                             (line  850)
+                                                             (line  866)
 * only matching:                         General Output Control.
-                                                             (line  225)
-* palindromes:                           Usage.              (line 1132)
+                                                             (line  227)
+* palindromes:                           Usage.              (line 1148)
 * pattern from file:                     Matching Control.   (line  108)
 * pattern list:                          Matching Control.   (line  102)
 * period:                                Fundamental Structure.
-                                                             (line  767)
+                                                             (line  783)
 * plus sign:                             Fundamental Structure.
-                                                             (line  776)
+                                                             (line  792)
 * POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable:  Environment Variables.
-                                                             (line  674)
+                                                             (line  689)
 * print character class:                 Character Classes and Bracket 
Expressions.
-                                                             (line  860)
-* print non-matching lines:              Matching Control.   (line  134)
+                                                             (line  876)
+* print non-matching lines:              Matching Control.   (line  136)
 * printable characters:                  Character Classes and Bracket 
Expressions.
-                                                             (line  860)
+                                                             (line  876)
 * punct character class:                 Character Classes and Bracket 
Expressions.
-                                                             (line  863)
+                                                             (line  879)
 * punctuation characters:                Character Classes and Bracket 
Expressions.
-                                                             (line  863)
+                                                             (line  879)
 * question mark:                         Fundamental Structure.
-                                                             (line  770)
+                                                             (line  786)
 * quiet, silent:                         General Output Control.
-                                                             (line  231)
+                                                             (line  233)
 * range expression:                      Character Classes and Bracket 
Expressions.
-                                                             (line  815)
+                                                             (line  831)
 * recursive search:                      File and Directory Selection.
-                                                             (line  459)
+                                                             (line  470)
 * recursive search <1>:                  File and Directory Selection.
-                                                             (line  467)
+                                                             (line  478)
 * regular expressions:                   Regular Expressions.
-                                                             (line  741)
-* return status:                         Exit Status.        (line  695)
+                                                             (line  757)
+* return status:                         Exit Status.        (line  710)
 * rv GREP_COLORS capability:             Environment Variables.
-                                                             (line  587)
+                                                             (line  599)
 * searching directory trees:             File and Directory Selection.
-                                                             (line  431)
+                                                             (line  442)
 * searching directory trees <1>:         File and Directory Selection.
-                                                             (line  440)
+                                                             (line  451)
 * searching directory trees <2>:         File and Directory Selection.
-                                                             (line  454)
+                                                             (line  465)
 * searching directory trees <3>:         File and Directory Selection.
-                                                             (line  459)
+                                                             (line  470)
 * searching directory trees <4>:         File and Directory Selection.
-                                                             (line  467)
+                                                             (line  478)
 * searching for a pattern:               Introduction.       (line   48)
 * sl GREP_COLORS capability:             Environment Variables.
-                                                             (line  570)
+                                                             (line  582)
 * space character class:                 Character Classes and Bracket 
Expressions.
-                                                             (line  868)
+                                                             (line  884)
 * space characters:                      Character Classes and Bracket 
Expressions.
-                                                             (line  868)
+                                                             (line  884)
 * subexpression:                         Back-references and Subexpressions.
-                                                             (line  968)
+                                                             (line  984)
 * suppress binary data:                  File and Directory Selection.
-                                                             (line  376)
+                                                             (line  378)
 * suppress error messages:               General Output Control.
-                                                             (line  238)
+                                                             (line  240)
 * symbolic links:                        File and Directory Selection.
-                                                             (line  420)
+                                                             (line  431)
 * symbolic links <1>:                    File and Directory Selection.
-                                                             (line  459)
+                                                             (line  470)
 * symbolic links <2>:                    File and Directory Selection.
-                                                             (line  467)
+                                                             (line  478)
 * tab-aligned content lines:             Output Line Prefix Control.
-                                                             (line  291)
+                                                             (line  293)
 * translation of message language:       Environment Variables.
-                                                             (line  669)
+                                                             (line  684)
 * upper character class:                 Character Classes and Bracket 
Expressions.
-                                                             (line  873)
+                                                             (line  889)
 * upper-case letters:                    Character Classes and Bracket 
Expressions.
-                                                             (line  873)
+                                                             (line  889)
 * usage summary, printing:               Generic Program Information.
                                                              (line   89)
-* usage, examples:                       Usage.              (line  999)
-* using ‘grep’, Q&A:                     Usage.              (line 1010)
-* variants of ‘grep’:                    grep Programs.      (line  704)
+* usage, examples:                       Usage.              (line 1015)
+* using ‘grep’, Q&A:                     Usage.              (line 1026)
+* variants of ‘grep’:                    grep Programs.      (line  719)
 * version, printing:                     Generic Program Information.
                                                              (line   94)
 * whitespace characters:                 Character Classes and Bracket 
Expressions.
-                                                             (line  868)
+                                                             (line  884)
 * with filename prefix:                  Output Line Prefix Control.
-                                                             (line  268)
+                                                             (line  270)
 * xdigit character class:                Character Classes and Bracket 
Expressions.
-                                                             (line  877)
+                                                             (line  893)
 * xdigit class:                          Character Classes and Bracket 
Expressions.
-                                                             (line  877)
+                                                             (line  893)
 * zero-terminated file names:            Output Line Prefix Control.
-                                                             (line  311)
-* zero-terminated lines:                 Other Options.      (line  492)
+                                                             (line  313)
+* zero-terminated lines:                 Other Options.      (line  503)
 



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