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[SCM] GNU M4 source repository branch, master, updated. cvs-readonly-35-


From: Eric Blake
Subject: [SCM] GNU M4 source repository branch, master, updated. cvs-readonly-35-ge38bf1c
Date: Thu, 20 Dec 2007 23:54:23 +0000

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http://git.sv.gnu.org/gitweb/?p=m4.git;a=commitdiff;h=e38bf1ca50e3c5038fab27266ecb3ce3d1a0296f

The branch, master has been updated
       via  e38bf1ca50e3c5038fab27266ecb3ce3d1a0296f (commit)
      from  fa34c3f77687fac1d5264955e11a7c704a89e875 (commit)

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not appeared on any other notification email; so we list those
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- Log -----------------------------------------------------------------
commit e38bf1ca50e3c5038fab27266ecb3ce3d1a0296f
Author: Eric Blake <address@hidden>
Date:   Thu Dec 20 10:56:29 2007 -0700

    Stage 9: share rather than copy single-arg refs.
    
    * ltdl/m4/gnulib-cache.m4: Import memmem and quote modules.
    * m4/m4module.h (m4_arg_scratch): New prototype.
    * m4/m4private.h (m4__push_symbol): Add parameter.
    (m4_arg_scratch): Add fast accessor.
    (struct m4): Add expansion_level member, taken...
    * m4/macro.c (expansion_level): ...from here.  Adjust all users.
    (expand_argument): Minor cleanup.
    (expand_macro): Track scratch space per macro call.
    (m4_arg_scratch): New function.
    (m4_make_argv_ref): Call new function.
    (m4_push_arg): Push reference to $0.
    (m4_push_args): Rework separator usage, since separators will
    usually be inlined.
    (process_macro): Allow embedded NUL.
    * m4/input.c (INPUT_INLINE_THRESHOLD): New define.
    (m4__push_symbol): Add parameter.  Inline short strings, and save
    references through rescanning.
    * m4/symtab.c (m4_set_symbol_value_text): Weaken assertion.
    * modules/m4.c (errprint, index): Handle NUL transparently.
    (dumpdef, translit): Use scratch space, rather than expansion
    stack.
    * modules/gnu.c (renamesyms, m4symbols): Likewise.
    * tests/others.at (nul character): New test.
    (iso8859): Quote absolute file name, remove XFAIL.
    * tests/iso8859.m4: Avoid raw NUL in output.
    * tests/null.m4: New file.
    * tests/null.out: Likewise.
    * tests/null.err: Likewise.
    * Makefile.am (OTHER_FILES): Distribute new files.
    * .gitattributes: Treat new files as text.
    
    Signed-off-by: Eric Blake <address@hidden>

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

Summary of changes:
 .gitattributes          |    2 +
 ChangeLog               |   34 +++++++++++++
 Makefile.am             |    3 +-
 doc/m4.texinfo          |    4 ++
 ltdl/m4/gnulib-cache.m4 |    4 +-
 m4/input.c              |   43 ++++++++++------
 m4/m4module.h           |    1 +
 m4/m4private.h          |    5 ++-
 m4/macro.c              |  126 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------------------
 m4/symtab.c             |    9 +--
 modules/gnu.c           |   24 +++------
 modules/m4.c            |   36 +++++++-------
 tests/iso8859.m4        |  Bin 1424 -> 1433 bytes
 tests/null.err          |  Bin 0 -> 18 bytes
 tests/null.m4           |  Bin 0 -> 3998 bytes
 tests/null.out          |  Bin 0 -> 338 bytes
 tests/others.at         |   33 ++++++++----
 17 files changed, 205 insertions(+), 119 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .gitattributes
 create mode 100644 tests/null.err
 create mode 100644 tests/null.m4
 create mode 100644 tests/null.out

diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3c0e9d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.gitattributes
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+null.* diff merge
+iso8859.m4 diff merge
diff --git a/ChangeLog b/ChangeLog
index f5cf9e1..970af15 100644
--- a/ChangeLog
+++ b/ChangeLog
@@ -1,3 +1,37 @@
+2007-12-20  Eric Blake  <address@hidden>
+
+       Stage 9: share rather than copy single-arg refs.
+       * ltdl/m4/gnulib-cache.m4: Import memmem and quote modules.
+       * m4/m4module.h (m4_arg_scratch): New prototype.
+       * m4/m4private.h (m4__push_symbol): Add parameter.
+       (m4_arg_scratch): Add fast accessor.
+       (struct m4): Add expansion_level member, taken...
+       * m4/macro.c (expansion_level): ...from here.  Adjust all users.
+       (expand_argument): Minor cleanup.
+       (expand_macro): Track scratch space per macro call.
+       (m4_arg_scratch): New function.
+       (m4_make_argv_ref): Call new function.
+       (m4_push_arg): Push reference to $0.
+       (m4_push_args): Rework separator usage, since separators will
+       usually be inlined.
+       (process_macro): Allow embedded NUL.
+       * m4/input.c (INPUT_INLINE_THRESHOLD): New define.
+       (m4__push_symbol): Add parameter.  Inline short strings, and save
+       references through rescanning.
+       * m4/symtab.c (m4_set_symbol_value_text): Weaken assertion.
+       * modules/m4.c (errprint, index): Handle NUL transparently.
+       (dumpdef, translit): Use scratch space, rather than expansion
+       stack.
+       * modules/gnu.c (renamesyms, m4symbols): Likewise.
+       * tests/others.at (nul character): New test.
+       (iso8859): Quote absolute file name, remove XFAIL.
+       * tests/iso8859.m4: Avoid raw NUL in output.
+       * tests/null.m4: New file.
+       * tests/null.out: Likewise.
+       * tests/null.err: Likewise.
+       * Makefile.am (OTHER_FILES): Distribute new files.
+       * .gitattributes: Treat new files as text.
+
 2007-12-17  Eric Blake  <address@hidden>
 
        Stage 8: extend life of references into argv.
diff --git a/Makefile.am b/Makefile.am
index 57aba99..49db5ef 100644
--- a/Makefile.am
+++ b/Makefile.am
@@ -435,7 +435,8 @@ clean-local-tests:
        test ! -f '$(abs_srcdir)/tests/testsuite' || \
          $(SHELL) '$(abs_srcdir)/tests/testsuite' --clean
 
-OTHER_FILES    = tests/iso8859.m4 tests/stackovf.test
+OTHER_FILES    = tests/iso8859.m4 tests/stackovf.test \
+               tests/null.m4 tests/null.out tests/null.err
 
 DISTCLEANFILES += tests/atconfig tests/atlocal tests/m4
 MAINTAINERCLEANFILES += tests/generated.at '$(TESTSUITE)'
diff --git a/doc/m4.texinfo b/doc/m4.texinfo
index c8b2062..f56188f 100644
--- a/doc/m4.texinfo
+++ b/doc/m4.texinfo
@@ -1060,6 +1060,10 @@ use address@hidden characters in quoted strings 
(@pxref{Changequote}),
 comments (@pxref{Changecom}), and macro names (@pxref{Indir}), with the
 exception of the @sc{nul} character (the zero byte @samp{'\0'}).
 
address@hidden FIXME - each builtin needs to document how it handles NUL, then
address@hidden update the above paragraph to mention that NUL is now handled
address@hidden transparently.
+
 @menu
 * Names::                       Macro names
 * Quoted strings::              Quoting input to @code{m4}
diff --git a/ltdl/m4/gnulib-cache.m4 b/ltdl/m4/gnulib-cache.m4
index 1eefbd5..6069529 100644
--- a/ltdl/m4/gnulib-cache.m4
+++ b/ltdl/m4/gnulib-cache.m4
@@ -15,11 +15,11 @@
 
 
 # Specification in the form of a command-line invocation:
-#   gnulib-tool --import --dir=. --local-dir=local --lib=libgnu 
--source-base=gnu --m4-base=ltdl/m4 --doc-base=doc --aux-dir=build-aux 
--with-tests --libtool --macro-prefix=M4 assert autobuild avltree-oset 
binary-io clean-temp cloexec close-stream closein config-h configmake dirname 
error exit fdl fflush filenamecat flexmember fopen-safer free fseeko gendocs 
gettext gnupload gpl-3.0 mkstemp obstack progname regex regexprops-generic 
sprintf-posix stdbool stdlib-safer strnlen strtol tempname unlocked-io verror 
xalloc xalloc-die xprintf-posix xstrndup xvasprintf-posix
+#   gnulib-tool --import --dir=. --local-dir=local --lib=libgnu 
--source-base=gnu --m4-base=ltdl/m4 --doc-base=doc --aux-dir=build-aux 
--with-tests --libtool --macro-prefix=M4 assert autobuild avltree-oset 
binary-io clean-temp cloexec close-stream closein config-h configmake dirname 
error exit fdl fflush filenamecat flexmember fopen-safer free fseeko gendocs 
gettext gnupload gpl-3.0 memmem mkstemp obstack progname quote regex 
regexprops-generic sprintf-posix stdbool stdlib-safer strnlen strtol tempname 
unlocked-io verror xalloc xalloc-die xprintf-posix xstrndup xvasprintf-posix
 
 # Specification in the form of a few gnulib-tool.m4 macro invocations:
 gl_LOCAL_DIR([local])
-gl_MODULES([assert autobuild avltree-oset binary-io clean-temp cloexec 
close-stream closein config-h configmake dirname error exit fdl fflush 
filenamecat flexmember fopen-safer free fseeko gendocs gettext gnupload gpl-3.0 
mkstemp obstack progname regex regexprops-generic sprintf-posix stdbool 
stdlib-safer strnlen strtol tempname unlocked-io verror xalloc xalloc-die 
xprintf-posix xstrndup xvasprintf-posix])
+gl_MODULES([assert autobuild avltree-oset binary-io clean-temp cloexec 
close-stream closein config-h configmake dirname error exit fdl fflush 
filenamecat flexmember fopen-safer free fseeko gendocs gettext gnupload gpl-3.0 
memmem mkstemp obstack progname quote regex regexprops-generic sprintf-posix 
stdbool stdlib-safer strnlen strtol tempname unlocked-io verror xalloc 
xalloc-die xprintf-posix xstrndup xvasprintf-posix])
 gl_AVOID([])
 gl_SOURCE_BASE([gnu])
 gl_M4_BASE([ltdl/m4])
diff --git a/m4/input.c b/m4/input.c
index bdacfbf..26298fb 100644
--- a/m4/input.c
+++ b/m4/input.c
@@ -27,6 +27,11 @@
 /* Define this to see runtime debug info.  Implied by DEBUG.  */
 /*#define DEBUG_INPUT */
 
+/* Maximum number of bytes where it is more efficient to inline the
+   reference as a string than it is to track reference bookkeeping for
+   those bytes.  */
+#define INPUT_INLINE_THRESHOLD 16
+
 /*
    Unread input can be either files that should be read (from the
    command line or by include/sinclude), strings which should be
@@ -528,17 +533,27 @@ m4_push_string_init (m4 *context)
    everything consecutively onto the input stack.  Must be called
    between push_string_init and push_string_finish.  Return true only
    if LEVEL is less than SIZE_MAX and a reference was created to
-   VALUE.  */
+   VALUE, in which case, the lifetime of the contents of VALUE must
+   last as long as the input engine can parse references from it.  */
 bool
-m4__push_symbol (m4_symbol_value *value, size_t level)
+m4__push_symbol (m4 *context, m4_symbol_value *value, size_t level)
 {
   m4_symbol_chain *chain;
+  bool result = false;
 
   assert (next);
   /* TODO - also accept TOKEN_COMP chains.  */
   assert (m4_is_symbol_value_text (value));
-  if (m4_get_symbol_value_len (value) == 0)
-    return false;
+
+  /* Speed consideration - for short enough symbols, the speed and
+     memory overhead of parsing another INPUT_CHAIN link outweighs the
+     time to inline the symbol text.  */
+  if (m4_get_symbol_value_len (value) <= INPUT_INLINE_THRESHOLD)
+    {
+      obstack_grow (current_input, m4_get_symbol_value_text (value),
+                   m4_get_symbol_value_len (value));
+      return false;
+    }
 
   if (next->funcs == &string_funcs)
     {
@@ -553,22 +568,18 @@ m4__push_symbol (m4_symbol_value *value, size_t level)
     next->u.u_c.chain = chain;
   next->u.u_c.end = chain;
   chain->next = NULL;
-  if (level != SIZE_MAX)
-    /* TODO - use token as-is, rather than copying data.  This implies
-       lengthening lifetime of $@ arguments until the rescan is
-       complete, rather than the current approach of freeing them
-       during expand_macro.  */
-    chain->str = (char *) obstack_copy (current_input,
-                                       m4_get_symbol_value_text (value),
-                                       m4_get_symbol_value_len (value));
-  else
-    chain->str = m4_get_symbol_value_text (value);
+  chain->str = m4_get_symbol_value_text (value);
   chain->len = m4_get_symbol_value_len (value);
-  chain->level = SIZE_MAX;
+  chain->level = level;
   chain->argv = NULL;
   chain->index = 0;
   chain->flatten = false;
-  return false; /* Only return true when data is reused, not copied.  */
+  if (level < SIZE_MAX)
+    {
+      m4__adjust_refcount (context, level, true);
+      result = true;
+    }
+  return result;
 }
 
 /* Last half of m4_push_string ().  If next is now NULL, a call to
diff --git a/m4/m4module.h b/m4/m4module.h
index 520bd4e..03025af 100644
--- a/m4/m4module.h
+++ b/m4/m4module.h
@@ -310,6 +310,7 @@ extern bool m4_arg_equal            (m4_macro_args *, 
unsigned int,
 extern bool    m4_arg_empty            (m4_macro_args *, unsigned int);
 extern size_t  m4_arg_len              (m4_macro_args *, unsigned int);
 extern m4_builtin_func *m4_arg_func    (m4_macro_args *, unsigned int);
+extern m4_obstack *m4_arg_scratch      (m4 *);
 extern m4_macro_args *m4_make_argv_ref (m4 *, m4_macro_args *, const char *,
                                          size_t, bool, bool);
 extern void    m4_push_arg             (m4 *, m4_obstack *, m4_macro_args *,
diff --git a/m4/m4private.h b/m4/m4private.h
index f24942f..272069e 100644
--- a/m4/m4private.h
+++ b/m4/m4private.h
@@ -78,6 +78,7 @@ struct m4 {
   m4__search_path_info *search_path;   /* The list of path directories. */
   m4__macro_arg_stacks *arg_stacks;    /* Array of current argv refs.  */
   size_t               stacks_count;   /* Size of arg_stacks.  */
+  size_t               expansion_level;/* Macro call nesting level.  */
 };
 
 #define M4_OPT_PREFIX_BUILTINS_BIT     (1 << 0) /* -P */
@@ -450,7 +451,7 @@ typedef enum {
   M4_TOKEN_MACDEF      /* Macro's definition (see "defn"), M4_SYMBOL_FUNC.  */
 } m4__token_type;
 
-extern bool            m4__push_symbol (m4_symbol_value *, size_t);
+extern bool            m4__push_symbol (m4 *, m4_symbol_value *, size_t);
 extern m4__token_type  m4__next_token (m4 *, m4_symbol_value *, int *,
                                        const char *);
 extern bool            m4__next_token_is_open (m4 *);
@@ -459,6 +460,8 @@ extern      bool            m4__next_token_is_open (m4 *);
    that also have an identically named function exported in m4module.h.  */
 #ifdef NDEBUG
 # define m4_arg_argc(A)                (A)->argc
+# define m4_arg_scratch(C)                             \
+  ((C)->arg_stacks[(C)->expansion_level - 1].argv)
 #endif /* NDEBUG */
 
 
diff --git a/m4/macro.c b/m4/macro.c
index bb0d3b0..15ec4d9 100644
--- a/m4/macro.c
+++ b/m4/macro.c
@@ -145,9 +145,6 @@ static void    trace_header  (m4 *, size_t);
 static void    trace_flush      (m4 *);
 
 
-/* Current recursion level in expand_macro ().  */
-static size_t expansion_level = 0;
-
 /* The number of the current call of expand_macro ().  */
 static size_t macro_call_id = 0;
 
@@ -325,10 +322,9 @@ expand_argument (m4 *context, m4_obstack *obs, 
m4_symbol_value *argp,
                 except we don't issue warnings.  But in the future,
                 we want to allow concatenation of builtins and
                 text.  */
-             if (argp->type == M4_SYMBOL_FUNC
-                 && obstack_object_size (obs) == 0)
-               return type == M4_TOKEN_COMMA;
              len = obstack_object_size (obs);
+             if (argp->type == M4_SYMBOL_FUNC && !len)
+               return type == M4_TOKEN_COMMA;
              obstack_1grow (obs, '\0');
              VALUE_MODULE (argp) = NULL;
              m4_set_symbol_value_text (argp, obstack_finish (obs), len, age);
@@ -379,7 +375,7 @@ expand_argument (m4 *context, m4_obstack *obs, 
m4_symbol_value *argp,
 /* The macro expansion is handled by expand_macro ().  It parses the
    arguments, using collect_arguments (), and builds a table of pointers to
    the arguments.  The arguments themselves are stored on a local obstack.
-   Expand_macro () uses call_macro () to do the call of the macro.
+   Expand_macro () uses m4_macro_call () to do the call of the macro.
 
    Expand_macro () is potentially recursive, since it calls expand_argument
    (), which might call expand_token (), which might call expand_macro ().
@@ -391,6 +387,7 @@ static void
 expand_macro (m4 *context, const char *name, size_t len, m4_symbol *symbol)
 {
   void *args_base;             /* Base of stack->args on entry.  */
+  void *args_scratch;          /* Base of scratch space for m4_macro_call.  */
   void *argv_base;             /* Base of stack->argv on entry.  */
   m4_macro_args *argv;         /* Arguments to the called macro.  */
   m4_obstack *expansion;       /* Collects the macro's expansion.  */
@@ -399,7 +396,7 @@ expand_macro (m4 *context, const char *name, size_t len, 
m4_symbol *symbol)
   bool trace_expansion = false;        /* True if trace and debugmode(`e').  */
   size_t my_call_id;           /* Sequence id for this macro.  */
   m4_symbol_value *value;      /* Original value of this macro.  */
-  size_t level = expansion_level; /* Expansion level of this macro.  */
+  size_t level;                        /* Expansion level of this macro.  */
   m4__macro_arg_stacks *stack; /* Storage for this macro.  */
 
   /* Report errors at the location where the open parenthesis (if any)
@@ -414,6 +411,7 @@ expand_macro (m4 *context, const char *name, size_t len, 
m4_symbol *symbol)
   int loc_close_line;
 
   /* Obstack preparation.  */
+  level = context->expansion_level;
   if (context->stacks_count <= level)
     {
       size_t count = context->stacks_count;
@@ -453,7 +451,7 @@ expand_macro (m4 *context, const char *name, size_t len, 
m4_symbol *symbol)
 
   /* Prepare for macro expansion.  */
   VALUE_PENDING (value)++;
-  if (m4_get_nesting_limit_opt (context) < ++expansion_level)
+  if (m4_get_nesting_limit_opt (context) < ++context->expansion_level)
     m4_error (context, EXIT_FAILURE, 0, NULL, _("\
 recursion limit of %zu exceeded, use -L<N> to change it"),
              m4_get_nesting_limit_opt (context));
@@ -464,6 +462,11 @@ recursion limit of %zu exceeded, use -L<N> to change it"),
 
   argv = collect_arguments (context, name, len, symbol, stack->args,
                            stack->argv);
+  /* Since collect_arguments can invalidate stack by reallocating
+     context->arg_stacks during a recursive expand_macro call, we must
+     reset it here.  */
+  stack = &context->arg_stacks[level];
+  args_scratch = obstack_finish (stack->args);
 
   /* The actual macro call.  */
   loc_close_file = m4_get_current_file (context);
@@ -485,7 +488,7 @@ recursion limit of %zu exceeded, use -L<N> to change it"),
   m4_set_current_file (context, loc_close_file);
   m4_set_current_line (context, loc_close_line);
 
-  --expansion_level;
+  --context->expansion_level;
   --VALUE_PENDING (value);
   if (BIT_TEST (VALUE_FLAGS (value), VALUE_DELETED_BIT))
     m4_symbol_value_delete (value);
@@ -502,6 +505,7 @@ recursion limit of %zu exceeded, use -L<N> to change it"),
     {
       if (argv->inuse)
        {
+         obstack_free (stack->args, args_scratch);
          if (debug_macro_level & PRINT_ARGCOUNT_CHANGES)
            xfprintf (stderr, "m4debug: -%d- `%s' in use, level=%d, "
                      "refcount=%zu, argcount=%zu\n", my_call_id, argv->argv0,
@@ -622,14 +626,15 @@ static void
 process_macro (m4 *context, m4_symbol_value *value, m4_obstack *obs,
               int argc, m4_macro_args *argv)
 {
-  const char *text;
+  const char *text = m4_get_symbol_value_text (value);
+  size_t len = m4_get_symbol_value_len (value);
   int i;
 
-  for (text = m4_get_symbol_value_text (value); *text != '\0';)
+  while (len--)
     {
       char ch;
 
-      if (!m4_has_syntax (M4SYNTAX, *text, M4_SYNTAX_DOLLAR))
+      if (!m4_has_syntax (M4SYNTAX, *text, M4_SYNTAX_DOLLAR) || !len)
        {
          obstack_1grow (obs, *text);
          text++;
@@ -647,11 +652,13 @@ process_macro (m4 *context, m4_symbol_value *value, 
m4_obstack *obs,
          if (m4_get_posixly_correct_opt (context) || !isdigit(text[1]))
            {
              i = *text++ - '0';
+             len--;
            }
          else
            {
              char *endp;
              i = (int) strtol (text, &endp, 10);
+             len -= endp - text;
              text = endp;
            }
          if (i < argc)
@@ -662,12 +669,14 @@ process_macro (m4 *context, m4_symbol_value *value, 
m4_obstack *obs,
        case '#':               /* number of arguments */
          m4_shipout_int (obs, argc - 1);
          text++;
+         len--;
          break;
 
        case '*':               /* all arguments */
        case '@':               /* ... same, but quoted */
          m4_push_args (context, obs, argv, false, *text == '@');
          text++;
+         len--;
          break;
 
        default:
@@ -678,19 +687,20 @@ process_macro (m4 *context, m4_symbol_value *value, 
m4_obstack *obs,
            }
          else
            {
-             size_t len  = 0;
+             size_t len1 = 0;
              const char *endp;
              char *key;
 
              for (endp = ++text;
-                  *endp && m4_has_syntax (M4SYNTAX, *endp,
-                                          (M4_SYNTAX_OTHER | M4_SYNTAX_ALPHA
-                                           | M4_SYNTAX_NUM));
+                  len1 < len && m4_has_syntax (M4SYNTAX, *endp,
+                                               (M4_SYNTAX_OTHER
+                                                | M4_SYNTAX_ALPHA
+                                                | M4_SYNTAX_NUM));
                   ++endp)
                {
-                 ++len;
+                 ++len1;
                }
-             key = xstrndup (text, len);
+             key = xstrndup (text, len1);
 
              if (*endp)
                {
@@ -713,7 +723,8 @@ process_macro (m4 *context, m4_symbol_value *value, 
m4_obstack *obs,
                            key);
                }
 
-             text = *endp ? 1 + endp : endp;
+             len -= endp - text;
+             text = endp;
 
              free (key);
              break;
@@ -802,7 +813,7 @@ trace_header (m4 *context, size_t id)
       if (m4_is_debug_bit (context, M4_DEBUG_TRACE_LINE))
        trace_format (context, "%d:", m4_get_current_line (context));
     }
-  trace_format (context, " -%zu- ", expansion_level);
+  trace_format (context, " -%zu- ", context->expansion_level);
   if (m4_is_debug_bit (context, M4_DEBUG_TRACE_CALLID))
     trace_format (context, "id %zu: ", id);
 }
@@ -1078,9 +1089,8 @@ m4_make_argv_ref (m4 *context, m4_macro_args *argv, const 
char *argv0,
   m4_symbol_value *value;
   m4_symbol_chain *chain;
   unsigned int index = skip ? 2 : 1;
-  m4_obstack *obs = context->arg_stacks[expansion_level - 1].argv;
+  m4_obstack *obs = m4_arg_scratch (context);
 
-  assert (obstack_object_size (obs) == 0);
   /* When making a reference through a reference, point to the
      original if possible.  */
   if (argv->has_ref)
@@ -1114,7 +1124,7 @@ m4_make_argv_ref (m4 *context, m4_macro_args *argv, const 
char *argv0,
       chain->next = NULL;
       chain->str = NULL;
       chain->len = 0;
-      chain->level = expansion_level - 1;
+      chain->level = context->expansion_level - 1;
       chain->argv = argv;
       chain->index = index;
       chain->flatten = flatten;
@@ -1134,18 +1144,22 @@ m4_push_arg (m4 *context, m4_obstack *obs, 
m4_macro_args *argv,
             unsigned int index)
 {
   m4_symbol_value *value;
+  m4_symbol_value temp;
 
   if (index == 0)
     {
-      obstack_grow (obs, argv->argv0, argv->argv0_len);
-      return;
+      value = &temp;
+      m4_set_symbol_value_text (value, argv->argv0, argv->argv0_len, 0);
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      value = m4_arg_symbol (argv, index);
+      if (value == &empty_symbol)
+       return;
     }
-  value = m4_arg_symbol (argv, index);
-  if (value == &empty_symbol)
-    return;
   /* TODO handle builtin tokens?  */
   assert (value->type == M4_SYMBOL_TEXT);
-  if (m4__push_symbol (value, expansion_level - 1))
+  if (m4__push_symbol (context, value, context->expansion_level - 1))
     arg_mark (argv);
 }
 
@@ -1158,47 +1172,50 @@ m4_push_args (m4 *context, m4_obstack *obs, 
m4_macro_args *argv, bool skip,
              bool quote)
 {
   m4_symbol_value *value;
-  m4_symbol_value sep;
   unsigned int i = skip ? 2 : 1;
+  const char *sep = ",";
+  size_t sep_len = 1;
   bool use_sep = false;
   bool inuse = false;
   const char *lquote = m4_get_syntax_lquote (M4SYNTAX);
   const char *rquote = m4_get_syntax_rquote (M4SYNTAX);
+  m4_obstack *scratch = m4_arg_scratch (context);
 
   if (argv->argc <= i)
     return;
 
+  if (argv->argc == i + 1)
+    {
+      if (quote)
+       obstack_grow (obs, lquote, strlen (lquote));
+      m4_push_arg (context, obs, argv, i);
+      if (quote)
+       obstack_grow (obs, rquote, strlen (rquote));
+      return;
+    }
+
+  /* Compute the separator in the scratch space.  */
   if (quote)
     {
-      const char *str;
-      size_t len;
       obstack_grow (obs, lquote, strlen (lquote));
-      len = obstack_object_size (obs);
-      obstack_1grow (obs, '\0');
-      str = (char *) obstack_finish (obs);
-      m4_set_symbol_value_text (&sep, str, len, 0);
-      m4__push_symbol (&sep, SIZE_MAX);
-      obstack_grow (obs, rquote, strlen (rquote));
-      obstack_1grow (obs, ',');
-      obstack_grow0 (obs, lquote, strlen (lquote));
-      str = (char *) obstack_finish (obs);
-      m4_set_symbol_value_text (&sep, str,
-                               strlen (rquote) + 1 + strlen (lquote), 0);
+      obstack_grow (scratch, rquote, strlen (rquote));
+      obstack_1grow (scratch, ',');
+      obstack_grow0 (scratch, lquote, strlen (lquote));
+      sep = (char *) obstack_finish (scratch);
+      sep_len += strlen (lquote) + strlen (rquote);
     }
-  else
-    m4_set_symbol_value_text (&sep, ",", 1, 0);
 
   /* TODO push entire $@ ref, rather than each arg.  */
   for ( ; i < argv->argc; i++)
     {
       value = m4_arg_symbol (argv, i);
       if (use_sep)
-       m4__push_symbol (&sep, SIZE_MAX);
+       obstack_grow (obs, sep, sep_len);
       else
        use_sep = true;
       /* TODO handle builtin tokens?  */
       assert (value->type == M4_SYMBOL_TEXT);
-      inuse |= m4__push_symbol (value, expansion_level - 1);
+      inuse |= m4__push_symbol (context, value, context->expansion_level - 1);
     }
   if (quote)
     obstack_grow (obs, rquote, strlen (rquote));
@@ -1218,3 +1235,16 @@ m4_arg_argc (m4_macro_args *argv)
 {
   return argv->argc;
 }
+
+/* Return an obstack useful for scratch calculations, and which will
+   not interfere with macro expansion.  The obstack will be reset when
+   expand_macro completes.  */
+#undef m4_arg_scratch
+m4_obstack *
+m4_arg_scratch (m4 *context)
+{
+  m4__macro_arg_stacks *stack
+    = &context->arg_stacks[context->expansion_level - 1];
+  assert (obstack_object_size (stack->args) == 0);
+  return stack->args;
+}
diff --git a/m4/symtab.c b/m4/symtab.c
index 95ed36e..30a61ed 100644
--- a/m4/symtab.c
+++ b/m4/symtab.c
@@ -701,12 +701,9 @@ m4_set_symbol_value_text (m4_symbol_value *value, const 
char *text, size_t len,
                          unsigned int quote_age)
 {
   assert (value && text);
-  /* TODO - this assertion enforces NUL-terminated text with no
-     intermediate NULs.  Do we want to optimize memory usage and use
-     purely length-based manipulation, for one less byte per string?
-     Perhaps only without NDEBUG?  Also, do we want to support
-     embedded NUL?  */
-  assert (strlen (text) == len);
+  /* In practice, it is easier to debug when we guarantee a
+     terminating NUL, even when there are embedded NULs.  */
+  assert (!text[len]);
 
   value->type = M4_SYMBOL_TEXT;
   value->u.u_t.text = text;
diff --git a/modules/gnu.c b/modules/gnu.c
index 79ec5b2..91cfb54 100644
--- a/modules/gnu.c
+++ b/modules/gnu.c
@@ -447,8 +447,8 @@ M4BUILTIN_HANDLER (builtin)
              m4_macro_args *new_argv;
              bool flatten = (bp->flags & M4_BUILTIN_GROKS_MACRO) == 0;
              new_argv = m4_make_argv_ref (context, argv, name,
-                                           m4_arg_len (argv, 1),
-                                           true, flatten);
+                                          m4_arg_len (argv, 1),
+                                          true, flatten);
              bp->func (context, obs, argc - 1, new_argv);
            }
          free (value);
@@ -683,7 +683,7 @@ M4BUILTIN_HANDLER (indir)
          m4_macro_args *new_argv;
          bool flatten = !m4_symbol_groks_macro (symbol);
          new_argv = m4_make_argv_ref (context, argv, name,
-                                       m4_arg_len (argv, 1), true, flatten);
+                                      m4_arg_len (argv, 1), true, flatten);
          m4_macro_call (context, m4_get_symbol_value (symbol), obs,
                         argc - 1, new_argv);
        }
@@ -858,7 +858,6 @@ M4BUILTIN_HANDLER (renamesyms)
       m4_pattern_buffer *buf;  /* compiled regular expression */
 
       m4_dump_symbol_data      data;
-      m4_obstack               rename_obs;
 
       int resyntax;
 
@@ -879,25 +878,21 @@ M4BUILTIN_HANDLER (renamesyms)
       if (!buf)
        return;
 
-      obstack_init (&rename_obs);
-      data.obs = obs;
-
+      data.obs = m4_arg_scratch (context);
       m4_dump_symbols (context, &data, 1, argv, false);
 
       for (; data.size > 0; --data.size, data.base++)
        {
          const char *name = data.base[0];
 
-         if (regexp_substitute (context, &rename_obs, me, name, strlen (name),
+         if (regexp_substitute (context, data.obs, me, name, strlen (name),
                                 regexp, buf, replace, true))
            {
-             obstack_1grow (&rename_obs, '\0');
+             obstack_1grow (data.obs, '\0');
              m4_symbol_rename (M4SYMTAB, name,
-                               (char *) obstack_finish (&rename_obs));
+                               (char *) obstack_finish (data.obs));
            }
        }
-
-      obstack_free (&rename_obs, NULL);
     }
   else
     assert (!"Unable to import from m4 module");
@@ -917,10 +912,8 @@ M4BUILTIN_HANDLER (m4symbols)
   if (m4_dump_symbols)
     {
       m4_dump_symbol_data data;
-      m4_obstack data_obs;
 
-      obstack_init (&data_obs);
-      data.obs = &data_obs;
+      data.obs = m4_arg_scratch (context);
       m4_dump_symbols (context, &data, argc, argv, false);
 
       for (; data.size > 0; --data.size, data.base++)
@@ -929,7 +922,6 @@ M4BUILTIN_HANDLER (m4symbols)
          if (data.size > 1)
            obstack_1grow (obs, ',');
        }
-      obstack_free (&data_obs, NULL);
     }
   else
     assert (!"Unable to import from m4 module");
diff --git a/modules/m4.c b/modules/m4.c
index 1cad9cb..6a2d1b6 100644
--- a/modules/m4.c
+++ b/modules/m4.c
@@ -348,7 +348,7 @@ M4BUILTIN_HANDLER (dumpdef)
   size_t arg_length = m4_get_max_debug_arg_length_opt (context);
   bool module = m4_is_debug_bit (context, M4_DEBUG_TRACE_MODULE);
 
-  data.obs = obs;
+  data.obs = m4_arg_scratch (context);
   m4_dump_symbols (context, &data, argc, argv, true);
 
   for (; data.size > 0; --data.size, data.base++)
@@ -797,11 +797,15 @@ M4BUILTIN_HANDLER (mkstemp)
 /* Print all arguments on standard error.  */
 M4BUILTIN_HANDLER (errprint)
 {
+  size_t len;
+
   assert (obstack_object_size (obs) == 0);
   m4_dump_args (context, obs, 1, argv, " ", false);
-  obstack_1grow (obs, '\0');
   m4_sysval_flush (context, false);
-  fputs ((char *) obstack_finish (obs), stderr);
+  len = obstack_object_size (obs);
+  /* The close_stdin module makes it safe to skip checking the return
+     value here.  */
+  fwrite (obstack_finish (obs), 1, len, stderr);
   fflush (stderr);
 }
 
@@ -907,14 +911,10 @@ M4BUILTIN_HANDLER (index)
   const char *result = NULL;
   int retval = -1;
 
-  /* Optimize searching for the empty string (always 0) and one byte
-     (strchr tends to be more efficient than strstr).  */
-  if (!needle[0])
-    retval = 0;
-  else if (!needle[1])
-    result = strchr (haystack, *needle);
-  else
-    result = strstr (haystack, needle);
+  /* Rely on the optimizations guaranteed by gnulib's memmem
+     module.  */
+  result = (char *) memmem (haystack, m4_arg_len (argv, 1),
+                           needle, m4_arg_len (argv, 2));
   if (result)
     retval = result - haystack;
 
@@ -997,11 +997,11 @@ m4_expand_ranges (const char *s, m4_obstack *obs)
   return obstack_finish (obs);
 }
 
-/* The macro "translit" translates all characters in the first argument,
-   which are present in the second argument, into the corresponding
-   character from the third argument.  If the third argument is shorter
-   than the second, the extra characters in the second argument, are
-   deleted from the first (pueh)  */
+/* The macro "translit" translates all characters in the first
+   argument, which are present in the second argument, into the
+   corresponding character from the third argument.  If the third
+   argument is shorter than the second, the extra characters in the
+   second argument are deleted from the first.  */
 M4BUILTIN_HANDLER (translit)
 {
   const char *data;
@@ -1020,14 +1020,14 @@ M4BUILTIN_HANDLER (translit)
   from = M4ARG (2);
   if (strchr (from, '-') != NULL)
     {
-      from = m4_expand_ranges (from, obs);
+      from = m4_expand_ranges (from, m4_arg_scratch (context));
       assert (from);
     }
 
   to = M4ARG (3);
   if (strchr (to, '-') != NULL)
     {
-      to = m4_expand_ranges (to, obs);
+      to = m4_expand_ranges (to, m4_arg_scratch (context));
       assert (to);
     }
 
diff --git a/tests/iso8859.m4 b/tests/iso8859.m4
index 17b8758..903db6f 100644
Binary files a/tests/iso8859.m4 and b/tests/iso8859.m4 differ
diff --git a/tests/null.err b/tests/null.err
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..61518e8
Binary files /dev/null and b/tests/null.err differ
diff --git a/tests/null.m4 b/tests/null.m4
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e6e1816
Binary files /dev/null and b/tests/null.m4 differ
diff --git a/tests/null.out b/tests/null.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6e8a114
Binary files /dev/null and b/tests/null.out differ
diff --git a/tests/others.at b/tests/others.at
index 76a97eb..bb6254a 100644
--- a/tests/others.at
+++ b/tests/others.at
@@ -281,14 +281,9 @@ AT_CLEANUP
 AT_SETUP([iso8859])
 
 # Eh eh eh...
-# We can't embed iso8859.m4 in here since precisly this file demonstrates
-# an M4 ``bug'': its inability to handle the NUL character.  So there
-# is no use in trying to handle it here...  Well, until autom4te provides
-# us with means to.
-
-# However, since progress is being made to let M4 handle NUL, this test
-# is xfailed for now.
-AT_XFAIL_IF([:])
+# We can't embed iso8859.m4 in here since it includes a NUL character,
+# and we can't yet rely on autom4te being NUL-clean (even though this
+# test shows that M4 is trying to be NUL-clean).
 
 AT_DATA([[expout]],
 [[# Testing quotes
@@ -306,11 +301,27 @@ CHANGEQUOTE(«««,»»»)      # eol
 # Test use of all iso8859 characters except ^Z (win32 EOF) and NUL  ` '
 Length of string is: 254
 Comparing strings: MATCH
-# NUL does not pass through
-This will be seen.
+# NUL passes through now!
+42
 ]])
 
-AT_CHECK_M4([$abs_srcdir/iso8859.m4], 0, expout)
+AT_CHECK_M4(["$abs_srcdir/iso8859.m4"], 0, expout)
+
+AT_CLEANUP
+
+
+## ------------- ##
+## nul character ##
+## ------------- ##
+
+AT_SETUP([nul character])
+
+# We don't embed null.* in here, since it is harder to guarantee the
+# behavior of NUL through autom4te.
+cp "$abs_srcdir/null.out" expout
+cp "$abs_srcdir/null.err" experr
+
+AT_CHECK_M4(["$abs_srcdir/null.m4"], [0], [expout], [experr])
 
 AT_CLEANUP
 


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