Such a procedure is in SRFI 170: (posix-time).
As I pointed out in #chicken, gettimeofday() has been obsolete since 2008, per Posix, which recommends clock_gettime(), which is precise (of course not accurate) to nanoseconds and has been part of Posix since 1997. Not that getttimeofday() is likely to go away, but more precision is better than less.'
On Windows 8 and later, you can use GetSystemTimePreciseAsFileTime, which returns the number of 100-nanosecond clunks since the beginning of the year 1601 proleptic UTC.