No, the page dimensions, etc., are set within the troff source and
it's up to that source to allow for external specification if
required. If a document is written without specifying them then the
defaults apply and the user can override these by using one of the
paper-size macro sets, e.g. ‘-ma4’ for A4 paper from groff's
a4.tmac.
troff -ma4 letter.tr
Ahh, it makes sense: normally documents are designed to be rendered in
a specific device and characteristics.
Well, relative to the page, yes, but many documents needn't assume much
about the output device or page size. If you look at a4.tmac, for
example, you'll see it just sets the page length to the paper size and
the line length to the paper width less an inch margin both sides.
.pl 29.7c
.ll 21c-2i
Boundaries of the text, like the header and footer position, are set
relative to the edge of the paper: the header a distance from the top;
the footer up from the bottom, not the top. Thus the page length isn't
of immediate concern.