01/02: website: Add blog psot on Parameterized Packages.

[Ludovic Courtès]

civodul pushed a commit to branch master
in repository guix-artwork.

commit b5165a6868be72bb2c04ae96635bbabdb63f042f
Author: Sarthak Shah <shahsarthakw@gmail.com>
AuthorDate: Wed Jun 7 19:47:44 2023 +0530

    website: Add blog psot on Parameterized Packages.
    
    * posts/parameterized-packages-for-guix.md: New file.
    
    Signed-off-by: Ludovic Courtès <ludo@gnu.org>
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+title: Parameterized Packages for GNU Guix
+date: 2023-06-06 13:37
+author: Sarthak Shah
+tags: GSoC
+---
+Hello Guix!
+I'm Sarthak and I'll be working on implementing Parameterized Packages
+for GNU Guix as a [Google Summer of Code](https://summerofcode.withgoogle.com/)
+intern under the guidance of Pjotr Prins and Gábor Boskovits.
+
+#### What are Parameterized Packages?
+
+One of the many advantages of [free 
software](https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html) is the
+availability of compile-time options for almost all packages.
+Thanks to its dedication to building all packages from source,
+Guix is one of the few GNU/Linux distributions that can take advantage
+of these compile-time features; in fact, many advanced users such as
+those using Guix on [High-Performance Computing Systems](https://hpc.guix.info)
+and [new ISAs like 
RISC-V](https://10years.guix.gnu.org/video/gnu-guix-and-the-risc-v-future/) 
have already been doing this
+by utilizing a feature known as [Package 
Transformations](https://guix.gnu.org/manual/en/html_node/Package-Transformation-Options.html).
+
+**Parameterized Packages** are a new type of package transformations
+that will be able to tweak an even wider array of compile-time
+options, such as removing unused dependencies or building a package
+with support for just a specific locale.  These will have a wide
+variety of applications, ranging from High-Performance Computing to
+Embedded Systems and could also help tackle a few of Guix's issues
+like large binary sizes and dense dependency graphs.
+
+#### What would these look like?
+
+The *syntax* for parameterized packages is still under heavy
+deliberation, however the final syntax will have the following
+features:
+- Maintainers will be able to specify what combinations of
+parameters a package supports, along with a _default configuration_
+of parameters for a given package.
+- Users will be able to pass parameters they want enabled or disabled
+through --with-parameters which will then get validated against the
+valid combinations specified by maintainers before being run
+- For a given package and a given set of parameters, only those in
+the package's parameter specification will be used
+- Users will be able to specify a global parameter transform that
+will apply to all packages - Packages will be built with the
+_default_ configuration if the global transform creates an
+invalid configuration
+
+#### Potential Problems with Parameterization
+
+### Combinatorial Explosion of Variants
+
+One of the biggest and most obvious issues with parameters is the
+combinatorial explosion of package variants they will create. One way
+to address this is to use tools to calculate and regulate allowed
+complexity; one such tool could be a function that takes a
+parameter combination specification and returns the number of variants
+it could create.
+
+### Increase in Maintenance Required
+
+Another concern is that this will lead to an increase in the workload
+of maintainers, who have been generously volunteering their time and
+have a lot of work as is. Hence, we will be treating parameters
+the same way we have been treating other package transformations-
+they are not expected to be stable, and should be used at the
+user's discretion.
+
+### Availability of Substitutes for Variants
+Lastly, parameterization could lead to an exponential increase in
+the number of substitutes build farms will have to create, and
+thus as such there are only plans on building substitutes for
+default and very popular parameter combinations.
+
+#### Other topics under discussion
+
+Some of the other points of discussion with respect to parameters are
+- **Scope**: Parameterization has a very wide and overarching scope,
+and it would be useful to have guidelines in place for when a
+particular property should be considered for parameterization
+- **Syntax**: There are many proposed syntax designs for
+parameterization, and more are welcome! The final syntax will most
+probably be an amalgamation of the best parts of all proposed designs.
+- **Substitutes**: There is a lot of discussion on exactly what
+parameter combinations should be considered for substitutes; while it
+is obvious that it won't be possible to build _all_ combinations, some
+important combinations can and should be considered for having
+substitutes built. We could perhaps have a separate category of
+parameter combinations that would both receive substitutes and
+support, and make these combinations discoverable through the
+UI. Another suggestion is to have user-run channels for specific build
+combinations, like for example there could be a RISC-V specific
+channel supplying substitutes for the users running RISC-V.
+
+If you would like to join the discussion, check out [this mailing list
+discussion about this 
project](https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/guix-devel/2023-05/msg00156.html),
+and also have a look at the [original 
thread](https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/guix-devel/2020-11/msg00312.html) 
about parameterization.
+
+#### Conclusion
+
+Parameters hold the potential to greatly increase Guix's flexibility,
+but will also lead to greater complexity. In my opinion, Guix is
+uniquely positioned to take full advantage of the customizability
+provided by compile-time options while also enjoying relative
+stability thanks to its transactional nature.
+
+#### About Me
+
+I'm a student studying Mathematics and ECE at BITS Pilani, and I love
+computers and free software. I am the president of my university's
+equivalent of a Free Software Advocacy Group, and I am also one of the
+system administrators for my university's High-Performance Computing
+System. As an advocate for free software and a Lisp user, I naturally
+fell in love with GNU Guix when I discovered it. I have also used
+Gentoo for some time in the past, which motivated me to try and bring
+something similar to USE flags to Guix.  You can find my blog at
+[blog.lispy.tech](https://blog.lispy.tech), where I will be frequently
+posting updates about the project.
+
+#### About GNU Guix
+
+[GNU Guix](https://guix.gnu.org) is a transactional package manager
+and an advanced distribution of the GNU system that [respects user
+freedom](https://www.gnu.org/distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.html).
+Guix can be used on top of any system running the Hurd or the Linux
+kernel, or it can be used as a standalone operating system
+distribution for i686, x86_64, ARMv7, AArch64 and POWER9 machines.
+
+In addition to standard package management features, Guix supports
+transactional upgrades and roll-backs, unprivileged package
+management, per-user profiles, and garbage collection.  When used as a
+standalone GNU/Linux distribution, Guix offers a declarative,
+stateless approach to operating system configuration management.  Guix
+is highly customizable and hackable through
+[Guile](https://www.gnu.org/software/guile) programming interfaces and
+extensions to the [Scheme](http://schemers.org) language.