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Re: [Qemu-devel] [PATCH v27 6/8] target/avr: Add example board configura


From: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé
Subject: Re: [Qemu-devel] [PATCH v27 6/8] target/avr: Add example board configuration
Date: Fri, 19 Jul 2019 17:29:11 +0200
User-agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:60.0) Gecko/20100101 Thunderbird/60.7.0

On 7/19/19 5:14 PM, Michael Rolnik wrote:
> I should have started the RAM at 0x200 (instead of 0) and make it of
> size 0x2000. right?
> 
> On Fri, Jul 19, 2019 at 6:04 PM Michael Rolnik <address@hidden
> <mailto:address@hidden>> wrote:
> 
> 
> 
>     On Fri, Jul 19, 2019 at 5:02 PM Philippe Mathieu-Daudé
>     <address@hidden <mailto:address@hidden>> wrote:
> 
>         Hi Michael,
> 
>         On 7/19/19 10:26 AM, Michael Rolnik wrote:
>         > From: Sarah Harris <address@hidden
>         <mailto:address@hidden>>
>         >
>         > A simple board setup that configures an AVR CPU to run a given
>         firmware image.
>         > This is all that's useful to implement without peripheral
>         emulation as AVR CPUs include a lot of on-board peripherals.
>         >
>         > Signed-off-by: Michael Rolnik <address@hidden
>         <mailto:address@hidden>>
>         > ---
>         >  hw/Kconfig           |   1 +
>         >  hw/avr/Kconfig       |   5 +
>         >  hw/avr/Makefile.objs |   1 +
>         >  hw/avr/sample.c      | 237
>         +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>         >  4 files changed, 244 insertions(+)
>         >  create mode 100644 hw/avr/Kconfig
>         >  create mode 100644 hw/avr/Makefile.objs
>         >  create mode 100644 hw/avr/sample.c
>         >
>         > diff --git a/hw/Kconfig b/hw/Kconfig
>         > index 195f541e50..1f25636855 100644
>         > --- a/hw/Kconfig
>         > +++ b/hw/Kconfig
>         > @@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ source watchdog/Kconfig
>         >  # arch Kconfig
>         >  source arm/Kconfig
>         >  source alpha/Kconfig
>         > +source avr/Kconfig
>         >  source cris/Kconfig
>         >  source hppa/Kconfig
>         >  source i386/Kconfig
>         > diff --git a/hw/avr/Kconfig b/hw/avr/Kconfig
>         > new file mode 100644
>         > index 0000000000..dd02a4c37a
>         > --- /dev/null
>         > +++ b/hw/avr/Kconfig
>         > @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
>         > +config AVR_SAMPLE
>         > +    bool
>         > +    select AVR_TIMER16
>         > +    select AVR_USART
>         > +    select AVR_MASK
>         > diff --git a/hw/avr/Makefile.objs b/hw/avr/Makefile.objs
>         > new file mode 100644
>         > index 0000000000..626b7064b3
>         > --- /dev/null
>         > +++ b/hw/avr/Makefile.objs
>         > @@ -0,0 +1 @@
>         > +obj-y += sample.o
>         > diff --git a/hw/avr/sample.c b/hw/avr/sample.c
>         > new file mode 100644
>         > index 0000000000..563edbd417
>         > --- /dev/null
>         > +++ b/hw/avr/sample.c
>         > @@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
>         > +/*
>         > + * QEMU AVR CPU
>         > + *
>         > + * Copyright (c) 2019 Michael Rolnik
>         > + *
>         > + * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
>         > + * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
>         > + * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
>         > + * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later
>         version.
>         > + *
>         > + * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be
>         useful,
>         > + * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
>         > + * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See
>         the GNU
>         > + * Lesser General Public License for more details.
>         > + *
>         > + * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General
>         Public
>         > + * License along with this library; if not, see
>         > + * <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.html>
>         > + */
>         > +
>         > +/*
>         > + *  NOTE:
>         > + *      This is not a real AVR board, this is an example!
>         > + *      The CPU is an approximation of an ATmega2560, but is
>         missing various
>         > + *      built-in peripherals.
>         > + *
>         > + *      This example board loads provided binary file into
>         flash memory and
>         > + *      executes it from 0x00000000 address in the code
>         memory space.
>         > + *
>         > + *      Currently used for AVR CPU validation
>         > + *
>         > + */
>         > +
>         > +#include "qemu/osdep.h"
>         > +#include "qapi/error.h"
>         > +#include "qemu-common.h"
>         > +#include "cpu.h"
>         > +#include "hw/hw.h"
>         > +#include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
>         > +#include "sysemu/qtest.h"
>         > +#include "ui/console.h"
>         > +#include "hw/boards.h"
>         > +#include "hw/loader.h"
>         > +#include "qemu/error-report.h"
>         > +#include "exec/address-spaces.h"
>         > +#include "include/hw/sysbus.h"
>         > +#include "include/hw/char/avr_usart.h"
>         > +#include "include/hw/timer/avr_timer16.h"
>         > +#include "include/hw/misc/avr_mask.h"
>         > +#include "elf.h"
>         > +
>         > +#define SIZE_FLASH 0x00040000
>         > +#define SIZE_SRAM 0x00002200
>         > +/*
>         > + * Size of additional "external" memory, as if the AVR were
>         configured to use
>         > + * an external RAM chip.
>         > + * Note that the configuration registers that normally enable
>         this feature are
>         > + * unimplemented.
>         > + */
>         > +#define SIZE_EXMEM 0x00000000
>         > +
>         > +/* Offsets of periphals in emulated memory space (i.e. not
>         host addresses)  */
>         > +#define PRR0_BASE 0x64
>         > +#define PRR1_BASE 0x65
>         > +#define USART_BASE 0xc0
>         > +#define TIMER1_BASE 0x80
>         > +#define TIMER1_IMSK_BASE 0x6f
>         > +#define TIMER1_IFR_BASE 0x36
>         > +
>         > +/* Interrupt numbers used by peripherals */
>         > +#define USART_RXC_IRQ 24
>         > +#define USART_DRE_IRQ 25
>         > +#define USART_TXC_IRQ 26
>         > +
>         > +#define TIMER1_CAPT_IRQ 15
>         > +#define TIMER1_COMPA_IRQ 16
>         > +#define TIMER1_COMPB_IRQ 17
>         > +#define TIMER1_COMPC_IRQ 18
>         > +#define TIMER1_OVF_IRQ 19
>         > +
>         > +/*  Power reduction     */
>         > +#define PRR1_BIT_PRTIM5     0x05    /*  Timer/Counter5  */
>         > +#define PRR1_BIT_PRTIM4     0x04    /*  Timer/Counter4  */
>         > +#define PRR1_BIT_PRTIM3     0x03    /*  Timer/Counter3  */
>         > +#define PRR1_BIT_PRUSART3   0x02    /*  USART3  */
>         > +#define PRR1_BIT_PRUSART2   0x01    /*  USART2  */
>         > +#define PRR1_BIT_PRUSART1   0x00    /*  USART1  */
>         > +
>         > +#define PRR0_BIT_PRTWI      0x06    /*  TWI */
>         > +#define PRR0_BIT_PRTIM2     0x05    /*  Timer/Counter2  */
>         > +#define PRR0_BIT_PRTIM0     0x04    /*  Timer/Counter0  */
>         > +#define PRR0_BIT_PRTIM1     0x03    /*  Timer/Counter1  */
>         > +#define PRR0_BIT_PRSPI      0x02    /*  Serial Peripheral
>         Interface */
>         > +#define PRR0_BIT_PRUSART0   0x01    /*  USART0  */
>         > +#define PRR0_BIT_PRADC      0x00    /*  ADC */
>         > +
>         > +typedef struct {
>         > +    MachineClass parent;
>         > +} SampleMachineClass;
>         > +
>         > +typedef struct {
>         > +    MachineState parent;
>         > +    MemoryRegion *ram;
>         > +    MemoryRegion *flash;
>         > +    AVRUsartState *usart0;
>         > +    AVRTimer16State *timer1;
>         > +    AVRMaskState *prr[2];
>         > +} SampleMachineState;
>         > +
>         > +#define TYPE_SAMPLE_MACHINE MACHINE_TYPE_NAME("sample")
>         > +
>         > +#define SAMPLE_MACHINE(obj) \
>         > +    OBJECT_CHECK(SampleMachineState, obj, TYPE_SAMPLE_MACHINE)
>         > +#define SAMPLE_MACHINE_GET_CLASS(obj) \
>         > +    OBJECT_GET_CLASS(SampleMachineClass, obj,
>         TYPE_SAMPLE_MACHINE)
>         > +#define SAMPLE_MACHINE_CLASS(klass) \
>         > +    OBJECT_CLASS_CHECK(SampleMachineClass, klass,
>         TYPE_SAMPLE_MACHINE)
>         > +
>         > +static void sample_init(MachineState *machine)
>         > +{
>         > +    SampleMachineState *sms = SAMPLE_MACHINE(machine);
>         > +    MemoryRegion *system_memory = get_system_memory();
>         > +    AVRCPU *cpu;
>         > +    const char *firmware = NULL;
>         > +    const char *filename;
>         > +    int bytes_loaded;
>         > +    SysBusDevice *busdev;
>         > +    DeviceState *cpudev;
>         > +
>         > +    system_memory = get_system_memory();
>         > +    sms->ram = g_new(MemoryRegion, 1);
>         > +    sms->flash = g_new(MemoryRegion, 1);
>         > +
>         > +    cpu = AVR_CPU(cpu_create(machine->cpu_type));
>         > +    cpudev = DEVICE(cpu);
>         > +
>         > +    memory_region_allocate_system_memory(
>         > +        sms->ram, NULL, "avr.ram", SIZE_SRAM + SIZE_EXMEM);
>         > +    memory_region_add_subregion(system_memory, OFFSET_DATA,
>         sms->ram);
> 
>         Not sure this is correct, you are filling an area of 0x1e0 I/O
>         registers
>         with RAM...
> 
>     Please explain. 

The DATA range 0x000..0x1ff is an I/O range.
The DATA range 0x200..0x2200 is the SRAM range. (8K * 8-bit)

You mapped the sms->ram over:

(qemu) info mtree
address-space: memory
  0000000000000000-ffffffffffffffff (prio 0, i/o): system
    0000000000000000-000000000003ffff (prio 0, rom): avr.flash
    0000000000800000-00000000008021ff (prio 0, ram): avr.ram
    0000000000800036-0000000000800036 (prio 0, i/o): avr-timer16
    0000000000800064-0000000000800064 (prio 0, i/o): avr-mask
    0000000000800065-0000000000800065 (prio 0, i/o): avr-mask
    000000000080006f-000000000080006f (prio 0, i/o): avr-timer16
    0000000000800080-000000000080008d (prio 0, i/o): avr-timer16
    00000000008000c0-00000000008000c7 (prio 0, i/o): avr-usart

>      
> 
> 
>         So you use system_memory to model the first registers, I wonder
>         if QEMU
>         supports a such small area. Well, I won't test it, I'll try a
>         quicker hack:
> 
>         -- >8 --
>         diff --git a/hw/avr/sample.c b/hw/avr/sample.c
>         index 563edbd417..cc60a6ca8d 100644
>         --- a/hw/avr/sample.c
>         +++ b/hw/avr/sample.c
>         @@ -48,6 +48,7 @@
>          #include "include/hw/timer/avr_timer16.h"
>          #include "include/hw/misc/avr_mask.h"
>          #include "elf.h"
>         +#include "hw/misc/unimp.h"
> 
>          #define SIZE_FLASH 0x00040000
>          #define SIZE_SRAM 0x00002200
>         @@ -136,12 +137,29 @@ static void sample_init(MachineState *machine)
> 
>              memory_region_allocate_system_memory(
>                  sms->ram, NULL, "avr.ram", SIZE_SRAM + SIZE_EXMEM);
>         -    memory_region_add_subregion(system_memory, OFFSET_DATA,
>         sms->ram);
>         +    memory_region_add_subregion_overlap(system_memory, OFFSET_DATA,
>         sms->ram,
>         +                                        -2000);
> 
>              memory_region_init_rom(sms->flash, NULL, "avr.flash",
>         SIZE_FLASH,
>                      &error_fatal);
>              memory_region_add_subregion(system_memory, OFFSET_CODE,
>         sms->flash);
> 
>         +    create_unimplemented_device("io", 0x800000 + 0x20, 0x40);
>         +    create_unimplemented_device("data", 0x800000 + 0x20 + 0x40,
>         0x1a0);
>         +
>         +    create_unimplemented_device("gpio", 0x800000 + 0x20 + 0, 0x14);
>         +    create_unimplemented_device("intc", 0x800000 + 0x20 + 0x1c,
>         0x2);
>         +    create_unimplemented_device("tmr0", 0x800000 + 0x20 + 0x26,
>         0x3);
>         +    create_unimplemented_device("adc", 0x800000 + 0x20 + 0x78,
>         0x8);
>         +    create_unimplemented_device("tmr2", 0x800000 + 0x20 + 0x84,
>         0xa);
>         +    create_unimplemented_device("tmr3", 0x800000 + 0x20 + 0x94,
>         0xa);
>         +    create_unimplemented_device("tmr4", 0x800000 + 0x20 + 0xa4,
>         0xa);
>         +    create_unimplemented_device("uart0", 0x800000 + 0x20 +
>         0xc0, 0x8);
>         +    create_unimplemented_device("uart1", 0x800000 + 0x20 +
>         0xc8, 0x8);
>         +    create_unimplemented_device("uart2", 0x800000 + 0x20 +
>         0xd0, 0x8);
>         +    create_unimplemented_device("tmr5", 0x800000 + 0x20 +
>         0x124, 0xa);
>         +    create_unimplemented_device("uart3", 0x800000 + 0x20 +
>         0x130, 0x8);
>         +
>              /* Power Reduction built-in peripheral */
>              sms->prr[0] = AVR_MASK(sysbus_create_simple(TYPE_AVR_MASK,
>                              OFFSET_DATA + PRR0_BASE, NULL));
>         ---
> 
>         So instead of using a small RAM region for registers, I use the same
>         amount you used, but with lower priority (-2000). Then I create
>         'UnimplementedDevice' for the most common blocks and map them
>         (they'll
>         be mapped at prio -1000).
> 
>         Now we have this memory map:
> 
>         (qemu) info mtree
>         address-space: memory
>           0000000000000000-ffffffffffffffff (prio 0, i/o): system
>             0000000000000000-000000000003ffff (prio 0, rom): avr.flash
>             0000000000800000-00000000008021ff (prio -2000, ram): avr.ram
>             0000000000800020-0000000000800033 (prio -1000, i/o): gpio
>             0000000000800020-000000000080005f (prio -1000, i/o): io
>             0000000000800036-0000000000800036 (prio 0, i/o): avr-timer16
>             000000000080003c-000000000080003d (prio -1000, i/o): intc
>             0000000000800046-0000000000800048 (prio -1000, i/o): tmr0
>             0000000000800060-00000000008001ff (prio -1000, i/o): data
>             0000000000800064-0000000000800064 (prio 0, i/o): avr-mask
>             0000000000800065-0000000000800065 (prio 0, i/o): avr-mask
>             000000000080006f-000000000080006f (prio 0, i/o): avr-timer16
>             0000000000800080-000000000080008d (prio 0, i/o): avr-timer16
>             0000000000800098-000000000080009f (prio -1000, i/o): adc
>             00000000008000a4-00000000008000ad (prio -1000, i/o): tmr2
>             00000000008000b4-00000000008000bd (prio -1000, i/o): tmr3
>             00000000008000c0-00000000008000c7 (prio 0, i/o): avr-usart
>             00000000008000c4-00000000008000cd (prio -1000, i/o): tmr4
>             00000000008000e0-00000000008000e7 (prio -1000, i/o): uart0
>             00000000008000e8-00000000008000ef (prio -1000, i/o): uart1
>             00000000008000f0-00000000008000f7 (prio -1000, i/o): uart2
>             0000000000800144-000000000080014d (prio -1000, i/o): tmr5
>             0000000000800150-0000000000800157 (prio -1000, i/o): uart3
> 
>         The UnimplementedDevice is useful to quickly trace accesses from
>         firmware, you can see:
> 
>         $ avr-softmmu/qemu-system-avr -bios demo.elf -d unimp
>         gpio: unimplemented device write (size 1, value 0xff, offset 0x1)
>         gpio: unimplemented device write (size 1, value 0xff, offset 0x2)
>         gpio: unimplemented device write (size 1, value 0xef, offset 0x2)
>         gpio: unimplemented device write (size 1, value 0xff, offset 0x2)
>         gpio: unimplemented device write (size 1, value 0xef, offset 0x2)
>         gpio: unimplemented device write (size 1, value 0xff, offset 0x2)
>         gpio: unimplemented device write (size 1, value 0xef, offset 0x2)
>         gpio: unimplemented device write (size 1, value 0xff, offset 0x2)
>         gpio: unimplemented device write (size 1, value 0xef, offset 0x2)
>         gpio: unimplemented device write (size 1, value 0xff, offset 0x2)
> 
>         So the Demo code first initialize the GPIO direction, then toggle it
>         (LED blink).
> 
>         > +
>         > +    memory_region_init_rom(sms->flash, NULL, "avr.flash",
>         SIZE_FLASH,
>         > +            &error_fatal);
>         > +    memory_region_add_subregion(system_memory, OFFSET_CODE,
>         sms->flash);
>         > +
>         > +    /* Power Reduction built-in peripheral */
>         > +    sms->prr[0] = AVR_MASK(sysbus_create_simple(TYPE_AVR_MASK,
>         > +                    OFFSET_DATA + PRR0_BASE, NULL));
>         > +    sms->prr[1] = AVR_MASK(sysbus_create_simple(TYPE_AVR_MASK,
>         > +                    OFFSET_DATA + PRR1_BASE, NULL));
>         > +
>         > +    /* USART 0 built-in peripheral */
>         > +    sms->usart0 = AVR_USART(object_new(TYPE_AVR_USART));
>         > +    busdev = SYS_BUS_DEVICE(sms->usart0);
>         > +    qdev_prop_set_chr(DEVICE(sms->usart0), "chardev",
>         serial_hd(0));
>         > +    object_property_set_bool(OBJECT(sms->usart0), true,
>         "realized",
>         > +            &error_fatal);
>         > +    sysbus_mmio_map(busdev, 0, OFFSET_DATA + USART_BASE);
> 
>         This OFFSET_DATA makes me wonder... These are I/O devices, it
>         would be
>         cleaner to map them on the I/O bus, and remap the I/O bus to
>         OFFSET_DATA.
> 
>     Please look here
>     (https://www.avr-tutorials.com/general/avr-memory-map) some io
>     registers are accessible as if they are memory.  

This show the ATMega8515 memory map, you choosed to model the ATmega2560
which is more complex.

I'm reading the 2549Q–AVR–02/2014 datasheet
"ATmega640/V-1280/V-1281/V-2560/V-2561/V [DATASHEET]".

Please have a look at Figure 8-2, "Data Memory Map"

> 
> 
>         Something like this I guess:
> 
>         (qemu) info mtree
>         address-space: memory
>           0000000000000000-ffffffffffffffff (prio 0, i/o): system
>             0000000000000000-000000000003ffff (prio 0, rom): avr.flash
>             0000000000800000-00000000008021ff (prio -2000, ram): avr.ram
>             0000000000800020-00000000008001ff (prio -1000, i/o): avr.io
>         <http://avr.io>
> 
>         address-space: I/O
>           0000000000000000-00000000000001ff (prio 0, i/o): avr.io
>         <http://avr.io>


This part ...

>             0000000000000000-0000000000000033 (prio -1000, i/o): gpio
>             0000000000000016-0000000000000016 (prio 0, i/o): avr-timer16
>             000000000000001c-000000000000001d (prio -1000, i/o): intc
>             0000000000000026-0000000000000028 (prio -1000, i/o): tmr0

are the 64 base I/O register, mapped in 0x20..0x5f.

---

This part ...

>             0000000000000044-0000000000000044 (prio 0, i/o): avr-mask
>             0000000000000045-0000000000000045 (prio 0, i/o): avr-mask
>             000000000000004f-000000000000004f (prio 0, i/o): avr-timer16
>             0000000000000060-000000000000006d (prio 0, i/o): avr-timer16
>             0000000000000078-000000000000007f (prio -1000, i/o): adc
>             0000000000000084-000000000000008d (prio -1000, i/o): tmr2
>             0000000000000094-000000000000009d (prio -1000, i/o): tmr3
>             00000000000000a0-00000000000000a7 (prio 0, i/o): avr-usart
>             00000000000000a4-00000000000000ad (prio -1000, i/o): tmr4
>             00000000000000c0-00000000000000c7 (prio -1000, i/o): uart0
>             00000000000000c8-00000000000000cf (prio -1000, i/o): uart1
>             00000000000000d0-00000000000000d7 (prio -1000, i/o): uart2
>             0000000000000124-000000000000012d (prio -1000, i/o): tmr5
>             0000000000000130-0000000000000127 (prio -1000, i/o): uart3

... are the 416 External I/O registers, mapped in 0x60..0x1ff

> 
>         > +    /*
>         > +     * These IRQ numbers don't match the datasheet because
>         we're counting from
>         > +     * zero and not including reset.
>         > +     */
>         > +    sysbus_connect_irq(busdev, 0, qdev_get_gpio_in(cpudev,
>         USART_RXC_IRQ));
>         > +    sysbus_connect_irq(busdev, 1, qdev_get_gpio_in(cpudev,
>         USART_DRE_IRQ));
>         > +    sysbus_connect_irq(busdev, 2, qdev_get_gpio_in(cpudev,
>         USART_TXC_IRQ));
>         > +    sysbus_connect_irq(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(sms->prr[1]),
>         PRR1_BIT_PRUSART1,
>         > +            qdev_get_gpio_in(DEVICE(sms->usart0), 0));
>         > +
>         > +    /* Timer 1 built-in periphal */
>         > +    sms->timer1 = AVR_TIMER16(object_new(TYPE_AVR_TIMER16));
>         > +    object_property_set_bool(OBJECT(sms->timer1), true,
>         "realized",
>         > +            &error_fatal);
>         > +    busdev = SYS_BUS_DEVICE(sms->timer1);
>         > +    sysbus_mmio_map(busdev, 0, OFFSET_DATA + TIMER1_BASE);
>         > +    sysbus_mmio_map(busdev, 1, OFFSET_DATA + TIMER1_IMSK_BASE);
>         > +    sysbus_mmio_map(busdev, 2, OFFSET_DATA + TIMER1_IFR_BASE);
>         > +    sysbus_connect_irq(busdev, 0, qdev_get_gpio_in(cpudev,
>         TIMER1_CAPT_IRQ));
>         > +    sysbus_connect_irq(busdev, 1, qdev_get_gpio_in(cpudev,
>         TIMER1_COMPA_IRQ));
>         > +    sysbus_connect_irq(busdev, 2, qdev_get_gpio_in(cpudev,
>         TIMER1_COMPB_IRQ));
>         > +    sysbus_connect_irq(busdev, 3, qdev_get_gpio_in(cpudev,
>         TIMER1_COMPC_IRQ));
>         > +    sysbus_connect_irq(busdev, 4, qdev_get_gpio_in(cpudev,
>         TIMER1_OVF_IRQ));
>         > +    sysbus_connect_irq(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(sms->prr[0]),
>         PRR0_BIT_PRTIM1,
>         > +            qdev_get_gpio_in(DEVICE(sms->timer1), 0));
>         > +
>         > +    /* Load firmware (contents of flash) trying to
>         auto-detect format */
>         > +    firmware = machine->firmware;
>         > +    if (firmware != NULL) {
>         > +        filename = qemu_find_file(QEMU_FILE_TYPE_BIOS, firmware);
>         > +        if (filename == NULL) {
>         > +            error_report("Unable to find %s", firmware);
>         > +            exit(1);
>         > +        }
>         > +
>         > +        bytes_loaded = load_elf(
>         > +            filename, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0,
>         EM_NONE, 0, 0);
>         > +        if (bytes_loaded < 0) {
>         > +            error_report(
>         > +                "Unable to load %s as ELF, trying again as
>         raw binary",
>         > +                firmware);
>         > +            bytes_loaded = load_image_targphys(
>         > +                filename, OFFSET_CODE, SIZE_FLASH);
>         > +        }
>         > +        if (bytes_loaded < 0) {
>         > +            error_report(
>         > +                "Unable to load firmware image %s as ELF or
>         raw binary",
>         > +                firmware);
>         > +            exit(1);
>         > +        }
>         > +    }
>         > +}
>         > +
>         > +static void sample_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
>         > +{
>         > +    MachineClass *mc = MACHINE_CLASS(oc);
>         > +
>         > +    mc->desc = "AVR sample/example board (ATmega2560)";
>         > +    mc->init = sample_init;
>         > +    mc->default_cpus = 1;
>         > +    mc->min_cpus = mc->default_cpus;
>         > +    mc->max_cpus = mc->default_cpus;
>         > +    mc->default_cpu_type = "avr6-avr-cpu"; /* ATmega2560. */
>         > +    mc->is_default = 1;
>         > +}
>         > +
>         > +static const TypeInfo sample_info = {
>         > +    .name = TYPE_SAMPLE_MACHINE,
>         > +    .parent = TYPE_MACHINE,
>         > +    .instance_size = sizeof(SampleMachineState),
>         > +    .class_size = sizeof(SampleMachineClass),
>         > +    .class_init = sample_class_init,
>         > +};
>         > +
>         > +static void sample_machine_init(void)
>         > +{
>         > +    type_register_static(&sample_info);
>         > +}
>         > +
>         > +type_init(sample_machine_init);
>         >
> 
> 
> 
>     -- 
>     Best Regards,
>     Michael Rolnik
> 
> 
> 
> -- 
> Best Regards,
> Michael Rolnik



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