[Date Prev][Date Next][Thread Prev][Thread Next][Date Index][Thread Index]
[Qemu-devel] [PATCH 3/4] docs: document use of automatic cleanup functio
From: |
Daniel P . Berrangé |
Subject: |
[Qemu-devel] [PATCH 3/4] docs: document use of automatic cleanup functions in glib |
Date: |
Fri, 23 Aug 2019 17:39:30 +0100 |
Document the use of g_autofree and g_autoptr in glib for automatic
freeing of memory, or other resource cleanup (eg mutex unlocking).
Signed-off-by: Daniel P. Berrangé <address@hidden>
---
CODING_STYLE.md | 101 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
1 file changed, 101 insertions(+)
diff --git a/CODING_STYLE.md b/CODING_STYLE.md
index 9f4fc9dc77..f37b6c2d01 100644
--- a/CODING_STYLE.md
+++ b/CODING_STYLE.md
@@ -479,3 +479,104 @@ terminate QEMU.
Note that &error_fatal is just another way to exit(1), and &error_abort
is just another way to abort().
+
+
+## Automatic memory deallocation
+
+QEMU has a mandatory dependency either the GCC or CLang compiler. As
+such it has the freedom to make use of a C language extension for
+automatically running a cleanup function when a stack variable goes
+out of scope. This can be used to simplify function cleanup paths,
+often allowing many goto jumps to be eliminated, through automatic
+free'ing of memory.
+
+The GLib2 library provides a number of functions/macros for enabling
+automatic cleanup:
+
+ https://developer.gnome.org/glib/stable/glib-Miscellaneous-Macros.html
+
+Most notably:
+
+ - g_autofree - will invoke g_free() on the variable going out of scope
+
+ - g_autoptr - for structs / objects, will invoke the cleanup func created
+ by a previous use of G_DEFINE_AUTOPTR_CLEANUP_FUNC. This is
+ supported for most GLib data types and GObjects
+
+For example, instead of
+
+ int somefunc(void) {
+ int ret = -1;
+ char *foo = g_strdup_printf("foo%", "wibble");
+ GList *bar = .....
+
+ if (eek) {
+ goto cleanup;
+ }
+
+ ret = 0;
+
+ cleanup:
+ g_free(foo);
+ g_list_free(bar);
+ return ret;
+ }
+
+Using g_autofree/g_autoptr enables the code to be written as:
+
+ int somefunc(void) {
+ g_autofree char *foo = g_strdup_printf("foo%", "wibble");
+ g_autoptr (GList) bar = .....
+
+ if (eek) {
+ return -1;
+ }
+
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+While this generally results in simpler, less leak-prone code, there
+are still some caveats to beware of
+
+ * Variables declared with g_auto* MUST always be initialized,
+ otherwise the cleanup function will use uninitialized stack memory
+
+ * If a variable declared with g_auto* holds a value which must
+ live beyond the life of the function, that value must be saved
+ and the original variable NULL'd out. This can be simpler using
+ g_steal_pointer
+
+
+ char *somefunc(void) {
+ g_autofree char *foo = g_strdup_printf("foo%", "wibble");
+ g_autoptr (GList) bar = .....
+
+ if (eek) {
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ return g_steal_pointer(&foo);
+ }
+
+The cleanup functions are not restricted to simply free'ing memory. The
+GMutexLocker class is a variant of GMutex that has automatic locking and
+unlocking at start and end of the enclosing scope
+
+In the following example, the `lock` in `MyObj` will be held for the
+precise duration of the `somefunc` function
+
+ typedef struct {
+ GMutex lock;
+ } MyObj;
+
+ char *somefunc(MyObj *obj) {
+ g_autofree GMutexLocker *locker = g_mutex_locker_new(&obj->lock)
+ g_autofree char *foo = g_strdup_printf("foo%", "wibble");
+ g_autoptr (GList) bar = .....
+
+ if (eek) {
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ return g_steal_pointer(&foo);
+ }
--
2.21.0
Re: [Qemu-devel] [PATCH 0/4] docs: add docs about use of automatic cleanup functions, Marc-André Lureau, 2019/08/23