independent implementation is insufficient

[cal]

hi, all -

just a short comment -

it has been repeatedly shown that the n-versions style of program validation,
of which independent implementation is a special case, does not work -
independent implementations of difficult systems tend to make errors in the
same places (though not necessarily the same errors) - i have no reference for
this, but there is a book by nancy leveson, who showed this some years ago (so
it is probably in her book)

more real soon,
cal

Chris Landauer
Aerospace Integration Science Center
address@hidden


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