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\begin{center}

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{\Huge\bf  What is Free Software?}
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Free software is software that you may {\bf copy}, {\bf study}, {\bf modify},
and {\bf redistribute}.  These freedoms lead to collaboration and
empowerment.

The specific legal tool that creates these freedoms and the resulting
benefits is a specially drafted copyright license, the GNU General Public
License (GPL).  Unlike many licenses, the GPL gives you more rights than
plain copyright does.  In essence, the GPL forbids you to forbid.  It
permits you to do everything else.

Because of the freedoms associated with it, this software is called
\emph{free software\/}. There are other free software licenses besides
the GPL; we recommend the GPL because it best provides for freedom.

} \\
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The low price of free software leads some English speakers to think
that the word \emph{free\/}  in the phrase \emph{free software\/} means
they can obtain it without cost.  This is not the definition, which is
about freedom, but it is an easy misunderstanding.


The English word \emph{free\/} has several meanings.  As Miguel de Icaza, a
famous Mexican programmer, once said,
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English is broken; it does not distinguish 
between \emph{free beer\/} and \emph{free speech\/}.
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\end{quotation}
Spanish, on the other hand, distinguishes between \emph{gratis\/} and
\emph{libre\/}.  Free software is \emph{libre\/} software.


\emph{Libre\/} software gives you the freedom to share and cooperate with
others.

Since free software comes with the freedom to copy, manufacture, and
redistribute, media containing free software are sold in a competitive, free
market.  This leads to low prices and even gratis distributions.

Incidentally, the phrase \emph{open source\/} was invented a few years ago
as a synonym for \emph{free software\/}.  It does not offend people who
dislike the word \emph{free\/}.  The phrase is popular; it has succeeded in
its purpose.

However, the term \emph{free software\/} better conveys the goal of freedom;
the proposition that every man and woman has the right to work on software
or documentation, and must not be forbidden from doing so.

\begin{center}
{\Large\bf The Right to Copy}
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The right to copy software is the right to use your own property as a
factory that you own.

Not many people own a factory that would enable them to copy a car.
Indeed, to copy a car is so difficult that we use a different word, we
speak of manufacturing a car.  And there are not many car
manufacturers in the world.

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But everyone with a computer owns a software factory, a device for
manufacturing software, that is to say, for making new copies.  Because
copying software is so easy, we don't use the word manufacturing; we usually
do not even think of it as a kind of manufacturing, but it is.

If you own a computer, you own property that you are able to use to
manufacture software.
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\begin{center}
{\Large\bf  The Right to Study}
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The right to study means that you and everyone else can study the great as
well as the lesser works of software.  It means you are not kept from
learning how others succeeded.  While the right to study is of little direct
interest to people who are not programmers, it is vital for those who wish
to program.

Many programmers work under restrictions that forbid them from seeing
others' code.  Rather than sit on the shoulders of those who went
before, which is the best way to see ahead and to advance, they are
thrown into the mud.  The right to study is the right to look ahead,
to advance, by sitting on the shoulders of giants.
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Software may be delivered in a form that is difficult for a human to
read.  This hinders study.  The right to study means that the software
itself must be made available in a manner that humans can read.

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{\Large\bf  The Right to Modify}
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The right to modify is the right to fix a problem or enhance a program.  For
most people, this means your right, or your organization's right, to hire
someone to do the job for you, in much the same way you hire an auto
mechanic to fix your car.

Modification is helpful.  Application developers cannot think of all the
ways others will use their software.  Developers cannot foresee the new
burdens that will be put on their code.  They cannot anticipate all the
local conditions, whether someone in Thailand will use a program first
written in Finland.
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 \\
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{\Large\bf The Right to Redistribute}
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The right to redistribute means that you, who own a computer, a software
factory, have the right to make copies of a program and redistribute it.
You may share your software.  You may share these copies without payment, or
charge for the act of transferring a copy.  Others may do the same.

} \\
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If you redistribute the code, you have a duty to redistribute it in a manner
that others can use.  Your changes must be readable by others and you must
permit the author of a program, and others, to use the improvements or fixes
you have made if they wish.  Otherwise, some people will attempt to rob the
community of fixes and improvements.

The right to redistribute, so long as it is defended and upheld, means
that software is sold in a competitive, free market, which leads to
lower prices and higher quality.  The duty to redistribute changes
means the software continues to evolve and improve.

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\noindent For more information, please see the website of the Free Software
Foundation and the GNU project, {\bf\tt http://www.gnu.org}.

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{\small

\noindent Copyright \copyright\/ 2000, 2001 \hspace{.05in} Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111, USA.

\noindent Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is
permitted in any medium, provided this notice is preserved.
}

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